Cellular Respiration 6 O 2 C 6 H

Cellular Respiration 6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 Oxygen + Glucose 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + energy produce Carbon dioxide + Water + energy RESPIRATION - the process that occurs in cells in which cells break down sugar for ENERGY! • Occurs in cytoplasm and Mitochondria • Who does this? Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Cell Respiration can take 2 pathways – both start with GLYCOLYSIS! GLYCOLYSIS Glycolysis • Means “Splitting Glucose” §glyco – refers to glucose §lysis – to break down • Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules called Pyruvate. • Happens in the Cytoplasm. • Anaerobic which means does NOT require O 2 • YIELDS: 2 ATP • (Pyruvate and NADH)

Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain KREBS CYCLE & ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ·Pyruvate travel to the Mitochondria and enter the Krebs Cycle then the Electron Transport Chain ·Aerobic which means NEEDS O 2 ·YIELDS: 34 ATP, CO 2, H 20 · 36 ATP made but 2 used to move into mitochondria

Krebs Cycle (AKA citric acid cycle) The 2 pyruvate from glycolysis diffuse into the matrix of the mitochondria. The 2 pyruvate are converted into 2 acetyl-Co. A and 2 CO 2 are released. Each Acetyl-Co. A enters the Krebs Cycle. (2 complete cycles total) n YIELD: 8 NADH, 2 FADH 2, 2 ATP, 6 CO 2 n Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Occurs in cristae in mitochondria. Electron acceptors in the chain accept NADH/FADH 2 electrons. As electrons pass down molecules to O 2 – the O 2 combines with H atoms to form H 2 O and ATP. n YIELD: 10 NADH converts to 30 ATP, 2 FADH 2 converts to 4 ATP, 6 H 2 O n – (FADH produces 2 ATP, NADH produces 3 ATP)

ONE glucose produces 36 ATP during respiration! 38 made and 2 lost traveling to mitochondria

What is there if NO OXYGEN? FERMENTATION ·Anaerobic ·Happens in cytoplasm, when the cells are deprived of O 2 ·Lactic Acid forms during increased muscle activity! Cramps result from an increased acidity level. ·Alcohol fermentation occurs in fungi such as yeast and some bacteria to produce ethanol and CO 2. ·Used in bread, wine and beer

Glycolysis (2 ATP) No oxygen present Oxygen present (Anaerobic respiration) (Aerobic respiration) Fermentation pathways (0 ATP) 2 types: 1. Alcoholic fermentation 2. Lactic Acid fermentation Krebs Cycle (2 ATP) Electron Transport Chain (34 ATP) 36 ATP TOTAL

Photosynthesis vs. Occurs in producers (autotrophs) n Reactions take place in chloroplasts n Cellular Respiration Occurs in ALL organisms (autotrophs and heterotrophs) n Reactions take place in cytoplasm and mitochondria n n Pathway: 1. Light reactions (light dependent) 2. Dark reactions (light independent) n Pathway: 1. Glycolysis - cytoplasm 2. Anaerobic (fermentation) or Aerobic (Krebs and ETC) n Final results: *CO 2 and H 2 O are REACTANTS n Final results: * No O 2: fermentation - 2 ATP *O 2: – 38 ATP *Glucose and Oxygen are REACTANTS *H 2 O and CO 2 are PRODUCTS *Glucose and O 2 are PRODUCTS