Cellular Reproduction Asexual Reproduction only one parent is

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Cellular Reproduction

Cellular Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction � only one parent is involved. � 100% of the genetic material

Asexual Reproduction � only one parent is involved. � 100% of the genetic material from the one parent is passed on. �Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually.

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Binary fission �organism splits directly into two equal-sized offspring �usual

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Binary fission �organism splits directly into two equal-sized offspring �usual type of reproduction in prokaryotes (bacteria)

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Budding � formation of a new organism by the protrusion

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Budding � formation of a new organism by the protrusion of part of another organism �common in plants and fungi �The picture to the right is yeast budding (like it’s growing out of the side of the yeast)

Hydra Budding �Hydra is considered an animal and here it is budding. �Notice the

Hydra Budding �Hydra is considered an animal and here it is budding. �Notice the protrusion sticking out of the right side of the Hydra.

Sporogenesis (spores) �when plants asexually produce small tiny spores on their outside leaves. �

Sporogenesis (spores) �when plants asexually produce small tiny spores on their outside leaves. � growths will usually detach from the organism and grow on another medium such as the ground. �Some Fungi also sometimes undergo this process.

Vegetative reproduction �type of asexual reproduction for plants � new plant "individuals" arise or

Vegetative reproduction �type of asexual reproduction for plants � new plant "individuals" arise or are obtained without production of seeds or spores

Fragmentation �fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual �new individual is a clone

Fragmentation �fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual �new individual is a clone of the original organism. �Sea Stars, Fungi, and some Worms do this.

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction �Only one parent is required. �If you have good genes

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction �Only one parent is required. �If you have good genes it is great because 100% of them are passed on. �Very quick reproduction

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction � no genetic variation (if there is a genetic mutation

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction � no genetic variation (if there is a genetic mutation or disease they are very hard to combat) �Parents look entirely like offspring. If humans did this we would all look the same. (not much fun)

The Importance of Genetic Variation. � allows individuals within a given species to adapt

The Importance of Genetic Variation. � allows individuals within a given species to adapt to their environment � we are different because of genetic variation � we are able to adapt this is known as survival of the fittest or natural selection. � make organisms different and if it occurs over a long enough period of time we can get new species

Sexual Reproduction �requires two parents (sperm and egg) � 50% of the genetic material

Sexual Reproduction �requires two parents (sperm and egg) � 50% of the genetic material is passed on from each parent �fair amount of genetic variation because new genes are integrated (fertilized cell –zygote) � Most multi-cellular organisms reproduce sexually

Advantages to Sexual Reproduction �genetic variation �Both parents are passing on 50% of their

Advantages to Sexual Reproduction �genetic variation �Both parents are passing on 50% of their genetic material so it’s easier to get rid of genetic mutations and diseases. �produces variation in the population �species is more likely to survive if there are genetic differences in the population

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction �to find a mate �Only ½ your genes are passed

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction �to find a mate �Only ½ your genes are passed on (this is bad if you had great genes they can be diluted) �Slow process

Review: Compare and Contrast �Mitosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is

Review: Compare and Contrast �Mitosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is used both in growth and asexual reproduction �Meiosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is used to make the sperm and eggs used in sexual reproduction