Cellular Macromolecules Macromolecules Large organic molecules Contain carbon
Cellular Macromolecules
Macromolecules • Large organic molecules – Contain carbon – Made by living organisms • Necessary for life • Made by combining smaller molecules – Polymers—made of repeating sub-units called monomers. • Examples: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
Four classes of Macromolecules - Proteins - Carbohydrates - Nucleic Acids - Lipids
Proteins • Building blocks = Amino Acids • Functions – Structure (component of tissues and organs) – Movement – Communication between cells – Storage of materials – Transport of materials – Metabolic reactions (enzymes) – Protection from foreign materials (antibodies)
Carbohydrates • Building Blocks = Monosaccharides – Mono = one – Saccharide = sugar • Examples of Monosaccharides – Glucose – Fructose – Galactose
Carbohydrates • Large carbohydrates = Polysaccharides – Poly = many – Saccharide = sugars • Examples of Polysaccharides – Starch – Glycogen – Cellulose
Carbohydrates • Functions – Energy source – Structure – Store energy for later use – Cell communication
Nucleic Acids • Building Blocks = Nucleotide • Two types of nucleic acids – Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) – Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Nucleic Acids • Functions: – Passing traits from generation to generation – Protein production
Lipids: • Not a polymer—no single type of building block • Made of: – Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms • Examples: – – – Fats (triglycerides) Steroids Oils and waxes Phospholipids Fat soluble vitamins (A, E, D, and K)
Lipids • Functions: – Long term energy storage (triglycerides) – Cell communication (steroid hormones) – Structural (component of cell membranes) – Insulation – Protection (wax)
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