Cellular Division Student Copy 1 Cell Division All

Cellular Division Student Copy 1

Cell Division • All cells are derived from __________ cells • New cells are produced for _______ and to replace ____________ • Differs in prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (protists, fungi, plants, & animals) 2

Keeping Cells Identical The instructions for making cell parts are encoded in the _______, so each new cell must get a _______________ 3

DNA Replication • DNA must be Original DNA copied or strand _______ before cell division Two new, • Each new cell identical DNA will then have an strands _______ of the DNA 4

Identical Daughter Cells Two identical daughter cells Parent Cell 5

Chromosomes 6

Prokaryotic Chromosome • The DNA of prokaryotes (bacteria) is _____________ • It is _______________ 7

Eukaryotic Chromosomes • All ______ cells store genetic information in chromosomes • Most eukaryotes have between _____________ in their body cells • _______ have ____chromosomes or ______________. 8

Eukaryotic Chromosomes • Each chromosome is composed of a ___________ molecule • Chromosomes ______ when cells _______ and are called _______. 9

Compacting DNA into Chromosomes • DNA is tightly coiled around ________ 10

Chromosomes in Dividing Cells • Duplicated chromosomes are called ____ & are held together by the _______ Called Sister Chromatids 11

Karyotype • A ____ of the chromosomes from a human cell ____________ • First 22 pairs are called _____ • Last pair are the ________ • _______female or _______ male 12

Boy or Girl? The Y Chromosome Decides Y - Chromosome X - Chromosome 13

Cell Reproduction 14

Types of Cell Reproduction • ________ involves a _____ dividing to make __________________ • ____________ are examples of asexual reproduction • ________ involves two cells (egg & sperm) joining to make a ______that is _____________________ • _____ is an example 15

Cell Division in Prokaryotes 16

Cell Division in Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes such as ____ divide into Parent cell 2 identical cells by the process of _________ Chromosome • _________doubles _________________ • Cell wall forms Cell splits between the chromosomes dividing the cell 2 identical daughter cells 17

Prokaryotic Cell Undergoing Binary Fission 18

Animation of Binary Fission 19

The Cell Cycle All Eukaryotic Cells go through a process of cellular division called Mitosis is 1 part of the overall Cell Cycle. 20

Five Phases of the Cell Cycle • • • G 1 - __________ S – ___________ G 2 - __________ • collectively these 3 stages are called ________ M - __________ C - ___________ 21

Cell Cycle 22

Interphase - G 1 Stage • __________ after cell division • Cells ______ by making more cytoplasm & organelles • Cell carries on its __________________. 23

• • Interphase – S Stage ________ stage ____ is copied or _____ Two identical copies of DNA Original DNA 24

Interphase – G 2 Stage • ________ Stage • Occurs ____________ • All cell __________ are made (e. g. centrioles) • Both ____________ are synthesized 25

What’s Happening in Interphase? What the cell looks like Animal Cell What’s occurring 26

Sketch the Cell Cycle 27

Mitosis 28

Mitosis • Division of the ______ • Also called _______ • Only occurs in _______ • Has ____ stages • Doesn’t occur in some cells such as _____ 29

Four Mitotic Stages • ___phase • ___phase 30

Early Prophase • _____ in nucleus condenses to form ____________ • ______ forms from fibers in cytoskeleton or ________ Nucleolus Chromosomes Cytoplasm Nuclear Membrane 31

Late Prophase or ______ • ______________ are broken down • ______ continue condensing & are ____________ • Spindle fibers called _____________ of each chromosome • _____finishes forming between the _____________ 32

Late Prophase or Prometaphase Chromosomes Nucleus & Nucleolus have disintegrated 33

Spindle Fiber attached to Chromosome Kinetochore Fiber Chromosome 34

Review of Prophase What the cell looks like What’s happening 35

Spindle Fibers • The mitotic _____ form from the ___________ and _______________ • ______ extend from one pole of the cell to the opposite pole • _________ extend from the pole to the centromere of the chromosome to which they attach • ________ are short fibers radiating from centrioles 36

Sketch The Spindle 37

Metaphase • Chromosomes, attached to the ________, move to the center of the cell • ________________ Equator of Cell Pole of the Cell 38

Metaphase Asters at the poles Spindle Fibers Chromosomes lined at the Equator 39

Metaphase Aster Chromosomes at Equator 40

Review of Metaphase What the cell looks like What’s occurring 41

Anaphase • Occurs ______ • ______ are pulled apart to ______ of the cell by kinetochore fibers 42

Anaphase Sister Chromatids being separated 43

Anaphase Review What the cell looks like What’s occurring 44

Telophase • Sister chromatids at _____ • Spindle _________ • ________ forms around each set of sister chromatids • _______ reappears • __________ occurs • Chromosomes reappear as _____________ 45

Comparison of Anaphase & Telophase 46

Cytokinesis • _____________ • _______ of cell into two, identical halves called ____________ • In plant cells, ________________ to divide cell • In animal cells, _____________ to split cell 47

Cytokinesis ______ in animal cell _____ in plant cell 48

Mitotic Stages • Now lets see this process in action. 49

Daughter Cells of Mitosis • Have the _____________________ from which they were formed • ______ to each other, but ______________ • Must _______ to become mature cells (_________) 50

Identical Daughter Cells What is the 2 n or diploid number? 2 Chromosome number the same, but cells smaller than parent cell 51

Review of Mitosis 52

Draw & Learn these Stages 53

Draw & Learn these Stages 54

Name the Mitotic Stages: Interphase Name this? Prophase Telophase Name this? Metaphase Anaphase 55

Eukaryotic Cell Division • Used for ________________ • Produce two new cells __________ Chromosomes during __________ Metaphase of mitosis • Cells are ____ (2 n) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis 56

Mitosis Animation Name each stage as you see it occur? 57

Mitosis in Onion Root Tips Do you see any stages of mitosis? 58

Test Yourself over Mitosis 59

Mitosis Quiz 60

Mitosis Quiz 61

Name the Stages of Mitosis: 62

Identify the Stages ? Early, Middle, & Late Prophase ? ? Metaphase Late Prophase Late Anaphase ? ? Telophase ? ? Telophase & Cytokinesis 63

Locate the Four Mitotic Stages in Plants 64

Uncontrolled Mitosis ü If mitosis is not controlled, unlimited cell division occurs causing cancerous tumors ü Oncogenes are special proteins that increase the chance that a normal cell develops into a tumor cell Cancer cells 65