Cellular Biology I Generalized CellEnvironment Plasma Cytoplasmic Cytoskeleton

Cellular Biology I Generalized Cell-Environment Plasma Cytoplasmic Cytoskeleton Nucleus Cell Theory Membrane Organelles Interactions 6. Lysomes: Digestive compartments; memb. Endomembrane System: Interactive system of 1. Microtubules: Radiate from cell’s center, 4. Types of diffusion: a. Simple: Nonpolar substances Membrane transport 3. Endoplasmic reticulum: Network of memb 4. 5. Network RER Golgi : Protein apparatus: of fibers synthesis throughout Modifies, (has concentrates cytoplasm ribosomes that to & 6. Active Processes: Active Transport : a. Cell uses ranous sac containing hydrolytic enzymes Concepts: Specialized Structures and Functions membranes that interact directly through 7. Membrane Cytoplasm: Bulk Transport receptors Cellular (Active): material a. inside Exocytosis cell : sub(lipid soluble) pass directly through lipid bilayer determine cell shape, provide tracks for 1. Membranes are selectively permeable Mitochondria: 2. Nucleoli Transduce energy into useable ranous tubules & sacs ( cisternae ) within the Fluid Types Function mosaic of proteins: of membrane model proteins: energy to move substances across the membrane, b. synthesize packages form a framework RER secretory products for proteins), support, movement growing poly& Control Structures 3. Chromatin—DNA center for cellular + globular function; histone contains a. Digest all major classes of macromolecules Cells are the functional and structural units of 1. Microvilli : Increase surface area; absorption Cell-adhesion molecules (CAMS) physical contact or indirectly through vesicles stance Contact Most is cellular released signaling activities from vesicle occur (membranous here 1. Carbohydrates Three types associated of fibers: with the exterior (polar &charged particles can diffuse if they can fit organelle movement & invovled in separation 5. Filtration : Water and solutes are forced 2. Passive & active processes cellular a. No membrane work. Double membrane structure Transport molecules utilize energy from ATP to cytoplasm: Continuous with nuclear envelope 1. Membranes Integral: Transport transmembrane are mosaic of proteins; different span proteins the peptide a. regulation Organelle is threaded of stacked, through flat membranous ER membrane sacs genetic a. Nucleosome Nuclear material, envelope : Fundamental most cells have unit single of chromatin 1. Ribosomes : Site of protein synthesis b. Acidic (pump H+ in from cytosol ), c. Sequeliving organisms 2. Membrane junctions: a. Tight junctions: Anchor cell to EC matrix & to each other through pores), b. Osmosis: Diffusion of solvent via 1. Vesicle: Membrane-enclosed sacs that are sac: Electrical Comprised Fuses with signaling: of: membrane&releases Voltage-gated channels contents 2. surface of 1. the Microtubules membrane (thickest) of chromosomes during cell division through a membrane or capillary by pump molecules against concentration gradients, c. 3. Passive movement: Diffusion : a. Movement similar b. Ribosomes to PM, a. subunits Outer membrane are assembled (permeable), here , two regions: smooth ER and rough ER , are hydrophobic 2. Enzyme embedded interior in a phospholipid (channels & bilayer carriers) ((receptor Functions: cisternae site) ) into cisternal space, protein nucleus, a. (units Double of eight large membrane: wrapped cells (those Inner by DNA with & outer: large molecule) outer amount 1. destructive Complexes ofwhich RNA and protein selectively permeable membrane (hypertonic, hyposters enzymes from thesubstances cytosol 2. The activity of organism is dependent on both Impermeable junctions, b. Desmosomes : Cell migration pinched off portions of membranes moving to 3. a. Chemical Cytosol outside), : Fluid b. signaling: Endocytosis in a. Neurotransmitter other : Large components & 1. Glycolipids 2. Microfilaments (thinnest) Coupled systems(symport&antiport) d. Na +-K+ pump: 2. Microfilaments (thinnest): Made up of conthydrostatic pressure: Pressure gradient of substance down concentration gradient: b. (large Inner in membrane growing cells) contains embedded prn. s SER lacks ribosomes (synthesis of lipids, 2. 3. Hydrophilic Peripheral: Receptor sites not portions embedded; of proteins& attach surface phosphotonic, isotonic, osmolarity & osmotic pressure), c. folds b. 1. Mechanical Has into polarity native support ( cis conformation, face: to receives maintain in glycoprotransport shape of membrane Chromosomes: cytoplasm) is have continuous prior to be to multinucleate, cell with division, ER with RBC 2. Free in cytosol or bound to ER d. Functions: Intracellular digestion ( phagocyindividual and collective activity of the cells that Anchoring junctions; plaques & linkers; 3. Cell signaling from one membrane to another enclosed hormone are suspended receptors by membrane&taken act as ligands into , b. cell: Binding Phag 2. Glycocalyx 3. Intermediate : attached to filaments proteins in contact Na+ binding stimulates ATP formation, phosphorylaractile protein ( actin ), attach cytoplasmic side pushes solute-containing fluid out Changes over distance in particular direction, involved c. Associated in cellular with chromatin work with region cristae associa(folds of phospholipids & steroids, CHO metabolism, Facilitated diffusion: Lipid insoluble molecules too ipids (enzymatic 4. Intercellular are maximally activity junctions & exposed structure) to water tein vesicles 2. Allows ; oligosaccharides from cell to RER change & trans enzymatically shape face: pinches added off to is chromatin the nuclear only pores condenses cell lacking (selectively to nucleus form permeable) chromosomes tosis ), recycle cellular organic material (autocomprise that organism intermediate filaments & c. Gap junctions: 2. Endomembrane system includes: ocytosis causes b. Organelles conformational , pinocytosis & change receptor-mediated (creates force tion causes conformational change which releases with extracellular matrix of PM, help muscle& localized cell contraction b. Results from intrinsic kinetic energy: large to diffuse through membrane pores can move the ted inner with DNA membrane), coding for c. Inner r. RNA : membrane Nuclear detoxifies drugs & calcium storage) 3. 5. Hydrophobic Cell-cell recognition portions are in nonaqueous the vesicles) Associated secretory protein, with motility protein departs in b. b. Perinuclear cisterna : Fluid between phagy & programmed cell death (autolysis) 3. Subcellular structures determine the biochemical Movement of chemicals between adjacent Na+, K+) binding causes phosphate release, pump a. Nuclear envelope, b. ER, c. Golgi apparatus, endocytosis “muscle”, c. Inclusions: opens (coated Non-functioning or closes pit & clathrin channel, chemicals ) activates sub 3. Intermediate filaments: Most stable & act as passively with carrier molecules: Selective (specific) Temperature & molecular size, c. Random space, organizing d. Mitochondrial regions (DNA matrix: regions) Contains enz. s environment 6. Cytoskeletal&extracellular inside membrane matrix attachment transport c. 4. The Regulatory rough vesicle ER role products pinched in transmitting off are from modified signals the ER astype from membranes returns tothat original conformation & K+ is released e. Role in disease: Storage diseases(lack of specific activities of cells (i. e. , principle of complementarity ) cells; connexons d. Lysosomes & e. Vacuoles enzyme), stances c. G may protein-linked be unique to receptors(second given cell & limited by number of carriers (saturation) guy wires to resist pulling forces on the cell & molecular movement, d. Dynamic equilibrium for metabolic steps of cellular respiration they cell’s move surface through itshas interior Golgi apparatus enzymes causes substrate accumulation: Pompe’s: 4. Continuity ofto life acascade cellular basis messenger, signaling is initiated) fix organelle position Exit glycogen in liver & Tay-Sachs: lipids in brain Home BASIM ZWAIN LECTURE NOTES