CELLS What you need to know to identify

CELLS What you need to know to identify the different types of cells. By Sandy Sultana

What you need to know about cells. • • • Video Properties of cells Anatomy of cells Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells • Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells • References

What is a cell? • A cell is a triple unit or compartment, enclosed by a border, wall or membrane. • As a term, cell has become general-purpose metaphor for building blocks which serve to compose larger structures.

What are the properties of a cell? • Each cell is at least somewhat selfcontained and self-maintaining: it can take in nutrients, convert these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized functions, and reproduce as necessary. • Each cell stores its own set of instructions for carrying out each of these activities

The anatomy of a cell: • There are two types of cells: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic. • Eukaryotic cells are found in muticellular organisms • Prokaryotic cells are found in singletons. • The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound compartments in which specific metabolic activities take place.

Eukaryotic cells • Eukaryotic cells are about 10 times the size of a typical prokaryote and can be as much as 1000 times greater in volume.

Components of Eukaryotic cells • • • • Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome Vesicle Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Cytoskeleton Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Vacuole Cytoplasm Lysosome Centrioles

Prokaryotic cells • Prokaryotes are distinguished from eukaryotes on the basis of nuclear organization, specifically their lack of a nuclear membrane. • They also lack most of the intracellular organelles and structures that are characteristic of eukaryotic cells

Components of Prokaryotic cells • • Plasma membrane DNA (nucleoid) Capsule Cell Wall Mesosome Ribosome Cytoplasm Bacterial Flagellum

Similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells • Both the mesosomes and the cristae are used for the same function: the aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration. • Both cells have cell membranes that contain the organization within the cell from the outside of the cell. • Both cells regulate the flow of nutrients and wastes that leave and enter the cell.

Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells • Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, bound by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. • Eukaryotic DNA is linear; prokaryotic DNA is circular (it has no ends). • Both cell types have many, many ribosomes, but the ribosomes of the eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than those of the prokaryotic cell. • The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is filled with a large, complex collection of organelles, many of them enclosed in their own membranes; the prokaryotic cell contains no membrane-bound organelles which are independent of the plasma membrane.

References • http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cell_ (biology) • http: //web. jjay. cuny. edu/~acarpi/ NSC/13 -cells. htm • http: //www. cod. edu/people/facul ty/fancher/Prok. Euk. htm