Cells What are the Building Blocks of Life
第四章 Cells: What are the Building Blocks of Life? 前言 細胞發現史 Robert Hook Antony van Leewenhoek Robert Brown Matthias Schleiden
細胞的主要種類 原核細胞 (Prokaryotic Cells) 真核細胞 (Eukaryotic Cells)
細胞的構造組織 原生質膜 (Plasma membrane) 含DAN區 (DNA containing region) 細胞質 (Cytoplasm) 真核細胞 (Eucaryotic cells) 原核細胞 (Procaryotic cells)
細胞膜的流體鑲嵌模型 (Fluid mosaic model) 雙脂層 (Lipid bilayer) 膜蛋白 (Membrane proteins)
Concentration gradient low lipid bilayer P energy input high DIFFUSION ACROSS LIPID BILAYER PASSIVE TRANSPORT facilitated diffusion ACTIVE TRANSPORT Lipid-soluble molecules and water molecules diffuse across Water-soluble molecules and ions diffuse through interior of transport proteins. No energy boost required. Specific solutes pumped across, through transport proteins against gradient; requires energy boost Fig. 5. 25 a, p. 91
被動運輸 (Passive transport)
主動運輸 (Active transport)
顯微鏡 光學顯微鏡 (Light microscopes) 電子顯微鏡 (Electro microscopes) 穿透式電子顯微鏡 (Transmission EM) 掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Scanning EM)
細胞核 核膜 (Nuclear envelope) 核仁 (Nucleolus) 染色體 (Chromosomes)
細胞膜狀系統 (Cytomembrane system) 內質網 (Endoplasmic reticulumn) 高基氏體 (Golgi bodies) 其它曩膜 (Vesicles)
細胞骨架 (Cytoskeleton) 主要成分 微管(Microtubules): 由微管蛋白(Microtubulin)組成 微絲 (Microfilaments): 由肌動蛋白(Actin)組成
鞭毛與纖毛 (Flagella and Cilia)
E. coli 球型念珠藻菌 E. coli釋出DNA 假單胞菌 Pseudomonas
胞泌作用(Exocytosis) 內吞作用 (Endocytosis)
胞飲作用 (Phagocytosis)
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