Cells The Basic Units of Life the Cell

Cells: The Basic Units of Life & the Cell in Action 1

Things that have ALL the characteristics of life are called what? ORGANISMS All living things are… organized, grow & develop, reproduce, respond, maintain certain internal conditions & use energy. 2

In biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes is called what? A CELL ROBERT HOOKE From the Latin word cellula, which means “small rooms” 3

This states that all living things are… made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life & all new cells come from preexisting cells is known as what? THE CELL THEORY Humans have over 100 trillion cells! 4

CELL MEMBRANE is a flexible The ________ covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of a cell. A _____ is a stiff structure outside CELL WALL the membrane (only in plant cells). 5

A liquid fluid inside the cell that contains salts & other molecules is called the what? CYTOPLASM What is the network of thread-like proteins that are joined which form a framework inside the cell? CYTOSKELETON 6

A membrane-surrounded component (part) of a eukaryotic cell with a specialized function is called what? ORGANELLE 7

The abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, an organism’s genetic material found in cells is what? DNA 8

NUCLEUS The ______ is the part of the eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities & contains genetic information stored in DNA-the brain of the cell. 9

Prokaryotes: Eukaryotes: An organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane Bacteria Animals, plants, mold, yeast & fungi 10

These organelles that use light energy & make food-a sugar called glucose-from water & carbon dioxide in a process know as photosynthesis (they are only present in plant cells). They are called what? CHLOROPLASTS 11

A cell organelle in which amino acids are hooked together to make protiens RIBOSOME Another cell organelle in eukaryotic cells that is the site of cellular respiration and breaks down protiens to make ATP is what? MITOCHONDRIA 12

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells Animal Cells are Round & Curved. Plant Cells are Square & Boxy. Except for CELL WALLS & _____ CHLOROPLASTS ______ most organelles are found in both Animal & Plant Cells! 13

Organelles & Their Functions Nucleus Chloroplast Contains the cell’s DNA & is the control center of the cell Uses the energy of sunlight to male food for plants Ribosome Golgi Complex Amino acids are hooked together to Processes & transports proteins & make proteins other materials out of the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Makes lipids, breaks down drugs & Stores water & other materials other substances Mitochondria Lysosome Breaks down food molecules to make ATP Digests food particles, wastes, cell 14 parts & foreign invaders