CELLS Structure Transport Review Slide show by Kelly

CELLS Structure & Transport Review Slide show by Kelly Riedell/Brookings Biology

What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls what enters or leaves cell; When DNA is loosely packed and spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ______. chromatin

prokaryotes Bacteria are _______ prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage space is a ______. vacuole http: //library. thinkquest. org/3564/Cells/cell 93. gif

Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle

Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Burns glucose __________ Controls what enters Cell membrane or leaves the cell __________ Guides chromosomes Centrioles during cell division _________ Digests unwanted Lysosomes substances or cell parts ________ Ribosomes Makes proteins ___________ Nucleus Contains chromatin __________

Name the Cell PEOPLE American biologist who provided evidence for Lynn Margulis the Endosymbiotic theory __________ This theory explains the origins of which cell parts? Mitochondria &_________ chloroplasts ________

eukaryote An animal cell is a ______. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle is the ______ Rough ER http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/cell_er. html

Name an organelle that assists with movement Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell because it provides energy mitochondrion

Name the storage space that is larger in plants than animals. vacuole Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities ATP

Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________ prokaryotes Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus

Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Phospholipids & proteins

Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made. nucleolus Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said to be __________ Selectively OR semi- permeable.

Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism Apoptosis ribosomes Proteins are made on the _____ in a cell.

Tell which part does it? Makes lipids for membranes __________ smooth ER Mitochondria Stores energy as ATP __________ chromatin Spread out DNA _________ Modifies & transports proteins made on its ribosomes __________ Rough ER Regulates calcium levels Smooth ER in muscle cells ________ Supports and protects Cell wall plant cells __________

In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin? Non-dividing non-dividing Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside chloroplasts ___________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts

What’s the function? Mitochondria __________ burn glucose; make ATP Make proteins Ribosomes __________ Cell wall _________ support; protection Golgi bodies __________ Package molecules for storage Centrioles or export ________ Guide chromosomes apart during cell division Smooth ER Make __________ steroids in gland cells; regulate calcium in muscle cells; Break down toxins in liver

Cell organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP. mitochondria This structure Flagellum is a _____ (pl. flagella)

Name an organelle that is made of microtubules Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles A membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions in cell identification is called a glycoprotein __________

Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Makes ATP __________ Controls what enters nuclear envelope or leaves the nucleus _________ Cilia or flagella Help cell move _________ Modify, sort, & package Golgi bodies substances for transport _________ nucleolus Makes ribosomes ___________ Nucleus Control center of cell __________

http: //users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/Biology. Pages/A/Animal. Cells. html Name this part. GOLGI BODY According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from photosynthesizing bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? chloroplasts

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- many, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has a double membrane Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Give 2 kinds of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts: have circular DNA like bacteria divide using binary fission like bacteria have lipids in their inner membranes like bacteria have ribosomes like bacteria

Tell which part does it? Contains genetic info _________ nucleus cytoskeleton Give cell shape/support ______ Few, long structures flagella for locomotion _________ Provide more surface cristae area inside mitochondria _________ chloroplast Place for photosynthesis _________ vacuole Large storage space __________ Intracellular highway ___________ Rough ER

http: //users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/Biology. Pages/A/Animal. Cells. html Name this part. Smooth ER According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called rough ER. _____ Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome

This organelle makes ATP. mitochondrion Because the phospholipids in a cell membrane form 2 layers it is called a _______. bilayer

Smooth ER does NOT have _____ ribosomes attached The ________ is made of cytoskeleton microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape.

The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is _______. polar nonpolar

What is the job of the ribosomes? Make proteins Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body

Tell which part does it? smooth ER Breaks down toxins __________ Mitochondria Power plant __________ Tightly scrunched up DNA _________ chromosomes Allows molecules in & Nuclear pores out of nucleus __________ Sacs inside chloroplasts ________ thylakoids Supports and protects Cell wall bacterial cells __________

Name a cell part that has this 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules Cilia OR flagella Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material. nucleus

The folded inner membrane in the mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the ________. cristae Ribosomes are made of Protein RNA _____ & _____

http: //www. tqnyc. org/NYC 040844/animalcells. htm Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein? B; sticks on the surface of the membrane

What is the function of the Rough ER? Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _______ Golgi Body http: //vilenski. org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi. htm

What’s the function? modify/transport proteins rough ER __________ Contain DNA; control center nucleus __________ cytoskeleton _________ support; give shape cell membrane __________ Control what enters/leaves cell chloroplast ________ photosynthesis water, food, molecules, waste vacuole Stores __________ Make RNA for ribosomes nucleolus ____________

eukaryote A plant cell is a _______. prokaryote eukaryote Name the organelle that carries out photosynthesis. chloroplast

Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis thylakoids Name the folded membranes found inside mitochondria cristae

http: //www. tqnyc. org/NYC 040844/animalcells. htm Which of these proteins is an integral protein? A; sticks INto the membrane

The many short structures on the top of this cell are _____ cilia Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________ eukaryotes

Describe the pathway a protein like insulin might follow from where it is made until it is secreted by a pancreas cell. Plasma ribosomes Rough Golgi →_______→______ ER Animation from: http: //www. franklincollege. edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week 04. html membrane

The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the __________ Smooth ER The cytoskeleton is made of Microfilaments & _______ microtubules _______

The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the __________ Smooth ER The cytoskeleton is made of Microfilaments & _______ microtubules _______

The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside the membrane away from water because it is Non polar _______. polar nonpolar

A B C D E A = ________ Cell membrane Rough ER B = ________ nucleus C = ________ Golgi Body D= _________ Mitochondrion E= _________

http: //faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/Michael. Gregory/files/Bio%20101%20 Lectures/Membranes/membrane. htm Tell what this molecule does “self” identification Tell what this molecule does Store and transfer energy

Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue organ tissue cell _________ organ system _______ organism _______

Name a cell part that would use this molecule It is an amino acid; ribosomes use it to make proteins Name the cell part that makes this molecule mitochondria

Put the following cells in order of decreasing size: Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell Plant Animal _________ Bacterium smaller smallest

How are the molecules in the cell walls of these organisms different? Plants cellulose Fungi chitin Bacteria peptidoglycan Which of these are EUKARYOTES? Plants and fungi are eukaryotes. . . So are animals!

True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances

Name an organelle that is made up of CISTERNAE Golgi bodies A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called tissue a ________

Tell why cells switch their DNA between chromatin and chromosome forms Chromosomes-tightly packed so easy to move during cell division; Chromatin-loosely packed and spread out so it is easier to read and get information when cell is “doing its job”

Name this molecule found in cell membranes http: //biology. clc. uc. edu/courses/bio 104/cells. htm phospholipid Name this cell part centriole http: //www. beyondbooks. com/lif 71/4 a. asp

http: //faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/Michael. Gregory/files/Bio%20101%20 Lectures/Membranes/membrane. htm Name this molecule found in cell membranes glycoprotein Name this molecule ATP Image by Riedell

True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them

Membrane proteins that help water across a cell membrane aquaporins A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function are called an ________ Organ system

Name the process by which your fingers and toes formed from paddle-like structures and your tail disappeared? apoptosis http: //www. mgm. ufl. edu/images/bharfe/image 3. jpg http: //www. nurseminerva. co. uk/tail_bud. htm

Centrioles are only seen in _____________ cells. dividing animal You would expect to see cristae inside a ________ mitochondrion

Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of _______ mitochondria Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called ___________ Smooth ER

A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called ________ Semi permeable OR selectively permeable http: //www. d. umn. edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membrane. Images/jpegimages/diffusionmedium. jpg

The ______ cell is the basic unit of life. What do ribosomes make? proteins

Process in which cells change and develop into different kinds of cells doing different jobs Differentiation OR cell specialization Idea that all living things are made of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and new cells are produced from existing cells Cell theory

Molecule found in the cell walls of fungi that makes them sturdy chitin Membrane sacs stacked like pancakes in a Golgi body cisternae

Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life cell Log-like structures that help organize the spindle and guide the chromosomes apart during cell division in animal cells centrioles

DNA with attached proteins found spread out in the nucleus of non -dividing cells chromatin Describes molecules that try to stay away from water… means “water fearing” hydrophobic

Group of different organs working together organ system Protein found in cell membranes which helps molecules get across the membrane transport protein

“Walking” proteins that interact with the microtubules in the cytoskeleton to move chromosomes or cell parts Motor proteins Protein found on the inside or outside surface of cell membranes Peripheral proteins

Theory that suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors that were engulfed and stayed to live in an ancient host cell Endosymbiotic theory Protein found embedded in the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes; these can go part way or all the way across the membrane integral proteins

Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike? Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes

Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes

Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes

Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells? PLANTS ANIMALS Have cell wall Have chloroplasts no centrioles Big vacuole NO cell wall No chloroplasts have centrioles small vacuole

Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells? PLANTS Bacteria Eukaryotes Have chloroplasts Cellulose in cell wall Big vacuole nucleus Membrane bound organelles prokaryotes No chloroplasts peptidoglycan in cell wall no vacuole no nucleus No membrane bound organelles

Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells? Animal Bacteria Eukaryotes No cell wall vacuole nucleus Membrane bound organelles prokaryotes cell wall no vacuole no nucleus No membrane bound organelles no centrioles Centrioles

http: //bio. winona. edu/berg/ANIMTNS/Directry. htm Molecules that are dissolved in a SOLUTE liquid are called the _____ A state that exists when the CONCENTRATION of a substance IS THE SAME throughout a space equilibrium

The pressure of water pushing against the cell wall in a plant cell is called ________ pressure. osmotic What keeps plant cells from bursting when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution? They have a cell wall

The dots in the diagrams below represent solute dissolved in liquid. LABEL THE LIQUID FOUND OUTSIDE THE CELLS: HYPERTONIC ISOTONIC HYPOTONIC

This egg shrank smaller because it was hypertonic liquid. placed in a _______

The swelling and bursting of an animal cell when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution cytolysis An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN that provides a passageway/tunnel across the cell membrane through which WATER molecules can move during osmosis Aquaporins http: //www. spps. kvl. dk/news/0507/Lund 4. jpg

Solution in which the solute concentration outside the cell is greater than inside hypertonic Molecule used by cells to provide energy for activities ATP

Solution in which the solute concentration outside and inside a cell are EQUAL isotonic Animal cells placed in this solution Stay the same size will _______ swell and burst shrink stay same size

Process by which water molecules move from higher to lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. osmosis http: //www. quia. com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/membranetransport/aquaporin. gif

This egg grew bigger because it was placed hypotonic liquid. in a _______

A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called ________ Semi-permeable OR selectively permeable Image from: http: //www. d. umn. edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membrane. Images/jpegimages/diffusionmedium. jpg

Solution in which the solute concentration outside the cell is LESS than inside hypotonic Animal cells placed in this liquid will _______ swell & burst swell and burst shrink stay same size

Name the substance that turns blue-black when it reacts with starch iodine

The process by which molecules MOVE from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration diffusion http: //www. estrellamountain. edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/Bio. Booktransp. html

The shrinking away of the cell membrane from the cell wall in a plant cell when placed in a HYPERTONIC environment plasmolysis Membrane proteins that help move molecules across cell membranes are _______ integral proteins integral peripheral

A small membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell used to transport substances around inside a cell vesicle The shrinking of animal cells when placed in a hypertonic solution is called _______ crenation

mass of a dissolved substance in a given volume concentration Image by Riedell The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space Concentration gradient

Solution in which the solute concentration outside and inside the cell is equal isotonic Osmosis and diffusion both move molecules higher to lower from a___________ concentration. lower to higher to lower