Cells n n n Cells are the basic

Cells n n n Cells are the basic units of life they make up tissues and organs in the body Cells can only come from other cells (The CELL THEORY)

Tissues n n muscle nervous epithelial connective

Nerve Tissue n n n The fourth major tissue type is nerve tissue. The major functional units of nerve tissue are the neurons, which transmit nerve impulses. Neurons are specialized to receive signals, from either the external or the internal environment, and to transmit them in the form of electrical impulses to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Muscle Tissue n n Muscle cells are specialized for contraction. Every function of muscle--from running, jumping, smiling, and breathing to propelling the blood through the arteries and ejecting the fetus from the uterus--is carried out by the contraction of muscle cells

Epithelial tissues n n n It consist of continuous sheets of cells that provide a protective covering over the whole body and contain various sensory nerve endings. They also form the lining membranes of internal organs, cavities, and passageways and cover internal organs Epithelial cells are often specialized for synthesis and secretion of products for export

Connective Tissue n Connective tissue binds together, supports, and protects the other three kinds of tissue.

Glands n n n Epithelial tissue Specialized for secretion Exocrine glands: secrete through ducts to the outside of the body Endocrine glands: ductless glands which produce hormones which are released into the blood Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. An example of an endocrine gland is the adrenal gland, which is found on top of the kidneys and secretes the hormone adrenaline, among others. Another example are follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary or thryoxin from the thryoid.

Organs/system/bod y n n Two or more types of primary tissue organized to perform a particular function called organ Systems consist of related organs that have a common function. An organism is any living individual body.

Examples of Organs n n n Stomach Heart Liver Kidneys brain many others

Body fluids n n n Body fluids are dilute, watery solutions. Intracellular fluid is inside cells, and extracellular fluid is outside cells. Interstitial fluid is the ECF that fills spaces between tissues/cells whereas plasma is the ECF within blood vessels

Body Systems n n n n n Nervous Endocrine Immune Circulatory Muscle/skeletal Integument Respiratory Urinary Digestive Reproductive

Anatomical Planes & Directional Terms n n n n n Descriptions of any region of the body assume the body is in the anatomical position, in which the subject stands erect facing the observer, with the head level and the eyes facing directly forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed forward, and the arms are at the sides, with the palms turned forward. A body lying face down is prone, whereas a body lying face up is supine. Coronal Plane- separates the body into front and back halves. Sagittal Plane- separates the body into left and right halves. Transverse Plane- separates the body into superior and inferior halves.

Body Cavitites n n n n Spaces in the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs are called body cavities. The dorsal and ventral cavities are the two principal body cavities. 1. The dorsal cavity is subdivided into the cranial cavity, which contains the brain, and the vertebral canal, which contains the spinal cord. The meninges are protective tissues that line the dorsal cavity. 2. The ventral body cavity is subdivided by the diaphragm into a superior thoracic cavity and an inferior abdominopelvic cavity. The viscera are organs within the ventral body cavity.

n n n n A. The thoracic cavity is subdivided into three smaller cavities: a pericardial cavity, which contains the heart, and two pleural cavities, which contain the lungs. ………………………………. B. The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into a superior abdominal & an inferior pelvic cavity. Viscera of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancrease, small intestine, and most of the large intestine. Viscera of the pelvic cavity include the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and internal organs of the reproductive system.

Internal Body lining n n n Serous membranes line the walls of the thoracic and abdominal cavities and cover the organs. They include the pleura, associated with the lungs; the pericardium, associated with the heart; and the peritoneum, associated with the abdominal cavity.