Cells have membranes have cytoplasm and organelles have
Cells • have membranes • have cytoplasm and organelles • have genetic material
nucleus stores genetic material
gene specific section of a chromosome; codes for a single protein
chromosome unit of genetic material
Genes • like blueprints • specific instructions telling the cell what to make
Chromosomes • like file cabinets
Nucleus • like filing room
interphase s si ito m inesis cytok Cell Cycle
Interphase • preparation phase • genetic material copied
interphase
mitosis division of parent cell’s genes between daughter cells
mitosis begins
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
daughter cells
Terms • asexual reproduction • sexual reproduction
Asexual Reproduction • reproduction by mitotic cell division • does not require both a male and female organism
Sexual Reproduction • requires a male and female organism
Asexual Reproduction binary fission bi two break apart
Asexual Reproduction • binary fission • budding
budding asexual reproduction in which a portion of the parent separates from the parent to form a new organism
buds yeast cells
Asexual Reproduction • binary fission • budding • regeneration
regeneration process of re-growing missing body parts
planarian
planarian
Asexual Reproduction • • binary fission budding regeneration spores
spores a cell that is surrounded by a protective covering
Sexual Reproduction • two organisms give a copy of their genes to form a new organism
sexual reproduction when two organisms each give a copy of their genes to form a new organism
Sexual Reproduction • • haploid diploid gamete egg • sperm • fertilization • zygote
haploid a cell in which the nucleus has just one copy of each chromosome
diploid a cell in which the nucleus has two copies of each chromosome
gamete a haploid reproductive cell designed to transfer or receive chromosomes during sexual reproduction
egg a female gamete
sperm a male gamete
fertilization the combining of an egg and a sperm
zygote the new diploid cell formed when an egg and sperm combine
meiosis the process by which one diploid cell forms haploid cells
diploid cell goes through mitosis
diploid cell goes through mitosis
gametes haploid reproductive cells designed to transfer or receive chromosomes during sexual reproduction
fertilization combining of a sperm and an egg
zygote new diploid cell formed when an egg and sperm combine
nucleotide basic unit of DNA
base phosphate sugar
Nucleotides • adenine • guanine • thymine • cytosine
Nucleotide Pairs • adenine ↔ thymine • cytosine ↔ guanine
RNA the cell’s messenger between the DNA in the nucleus and the ribosomes that make proteins
RNA • single-stranded • four nucleotides • adenine • uracil (replaces thymine) • guanine • cytosine
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