Cells Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7

Cells

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 1 Cell Discovery and Theory The Cell Theory § All organisms are composed of one or more cells. § The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms. § All cells come from preexisting cells.

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 1 Cell Discovery and Theory Light Microscopes § Utilizes a series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify an image § Magnifies images up to 1, 000 times the actual size

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 1 Cell Discovery and Theory Electron Microscopes § Utilizes magnets to aim a beam of electrons to produce an image § Magnifies images up to 500, 000 times the actual size 9560 x

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 1 Cell Discovery and Theory Prokaryotic Cell § Simple structure § Contains a plasma membrane § Does not contain membrane-bound organelles 11, 000 x

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 1 Cell Discovery and Theory Eukaryotic Cell § More complex structure § Contains a plasma membrane § Contains membranebound organelles 400 x

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells • Cells can be broken down in to 3 major regions 1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus

Basic Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes • • Smaller Not as complex No nucleus No membrane bound organelles • Bacteria & most unicellular organisms Larger (up to 100 times!) More complex Nucleus Membrane bound organelles • Animals, plants, yeast & algea

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 2 The Plasma Membrane Plasma (Cell) Membrane § Thin, flexible boundary between the cell and its environment § Allows nutrients into the cell § Allows waste to leave the cell

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 2 The Plasma Membrane Selective Permeability § The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 2 The Plasma Membrane § The plasma membrane is composed of the phospholipid bilayer. § A phospholipid means: §a glycerol backbone §two fatty acid chains §a phosphate group.

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 2 The Plasma Membrane Fluid Mosaic Model § The phospholipid bilayer allows other molecules to “float” in the membrane. Other Components § Proteins § Cholesterol § Carbohydrates

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 2 The Plasma Membrane Proteins § Transmit signals inside the cell § Act as a support structure § Provide pathways for larger substances to enter and leave the cell

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 2 The Plasma Membrane Cholesterol § Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 2 The Plasma Membrane Carbohydrates § Identify chemical signals

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 3 Structures and Organelles

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 3 Structures and Organelles

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 3 Structures and Organelles Cilia § Short, numerous projections that look like hairs 400 x Flagella § Longer and less numerous than cilia § Create movement with a whiplike motion 26, 367 x

Warm Up!! Pick up a small beaker and a gummy bear from the cart in the front of the room. Fill the beaker with water until it is about ¾ full. Drop in the gummy bear. In your notebook, make a hypothesis as to what you think will happen.

February 2, 2011 How do things move in to a cell? Agenda: 1. Gummi Bear Lab 2. Diffusion Demo 3. Cellular transport HW: Chapter 7 Vocabulary Terms Due Tomorrow! Georgia Performance Standard: SB 1: Cell Structure and Function

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Passive Transport § Movement of particles across the cell membrane without using energy Three Modes of Passive Transport § Diffusion § Facilitated Diffusion § Osmosis

What is diffusion? Agenda: 1. Discuss Cellular Transport 2. Questions on Vocabulary Quiz? HW: Study for Chapter 7 Vocab for quiz TOMORROW Georgia Performance Standard: SB 1: Cell Structure and Function

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Diffusion § Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration Diffusion Initial Conditions Low High Low

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport § Diffusion is controlled by § Temperature § Pressure § Concentration Dynamic Equilibrium § When diffusion of material into the cell equals diffusion of material out of the cell

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Diffusion in a Cell

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Facilitated Diffusion § Movement of materials across the plasma membrane using proteins

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Osmosis § Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Three Types of Solutions § Isotonic § Hypertonic

Warm Up!! What could cause the following conditions in a cell? 1. 2. 3.

September 18, 2009 How can a solution affect tonicity? Agenda: 1. Diffusion Quiz 2. Review Diffusion 3. Work on Cell Collage 4. Hand back papers Georgia Performance Standard: SB 1: Cell Structure and Function

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Isotonic Solution § Water and dissolved substances diffuse into and out of the cell at the same rate. Plant Cell Blood Cell 11, 397 x

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Hypotonic Solution § Solute concentration is higher inside the cell. § Water diffuses into the cell. § BLOWS UP the cell. Plant Cell Blood Cell 13, 000 x

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Hypertonic Solution § Solute concentration is higher outside the cell. § Water diffuses out of the cell. § SHRINKS the cell. Plant Cell Blood Cell 13, 000 x

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Active Transport § Movement of particles across the cell membrane using energy Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7. 4 Cellular Transport Endocytosis § Process by which the cell surrounds and takes particles into the cell Exocytosis § Secretion of material out of the plasma membrane

Warm Up!! Summarize the 5 ways particles move through the cell membrane by completing the concept map on the board.

Why is cellular transport important? Agenda: 1. Review Cellular Transport 2. Cell Project 3. Review for Test 4. Return Papers **Bring book tomorrow Georgia Performance Standard: SB 1: Cell Structure and Function

How do organisms obtain energy? Agenda: 1. Discuss Schedule Changes 2. Introduce How Organisms Obtain Energy 3. Review for Test FRIDAY **Bring Book TOMORROW Georgia Performance Standard SB 1 - Students will analyze relationship between structure and function in living things SB 3 - Relationship between cellular organisms and increasing complexity

Warm Up!! Consider the equations below. Write down anything you can figure out by simply reading the equation. 1. 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 2. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 +6 H 2 O