Cells Cells A History Robert Hooke an English
Cells
Cells, A History Robert Hooke, an English scientist in 1665, was the first person to describe cells using a microscope ’sup Looking at a thin slice of cork he was reminded of little rooms in a monastery so he named them cellula or small room in Latin now called cells His microscope Monastery cellula:
Cells – what are they? the smallest living biological structure Cell Theory 1. 2. 3. All living things are made of cells All cells must come from preexisting cells The cell is the smallest living that can perform all the functions of life
3. The cell is the smallest living that can perform all the Functions of Life 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. All living things use energy 3. All living things respond to their environment 4. All living things grow 5. All living things reproduce 6. All living things adapt to their environment 7. All living things have different levels of organization
First, there are 2 Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic pro karyote before kernel “before nucleus” eu karyote true kernel “true nucleus” No membranebound organelles Has membranebound organelles
Let’s look at what makes up Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Membrane All cells have a cell membrane The cell membrane forms the cell’s physical boundary and separates the cell from the environment The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell – letting in nutrients and letting out waste
Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid that holds organelles in place. Cell Membrane
Cell Nucleus The Nucleus is a spherical membranebound organelle that holds the cell’s genetic material (or DNA)
Mitochondria a membrane-bound organelle Mitochondria are the power houses of the cells. • Breaks down food into ATP - thecurrency energy currency - the energy of cells • Mitochondria converts chemical energy stored in food into ATP through cellular respiration.
Lysosomes a membrane-bound organelle Mitochondria Lysosome • Small circular membrane-bound organelles filled with proteins that digest other molecules and breakdown wastes
Eukaryotic Animal Cell Review mitochondria ribosomes RER plasma membrane cytoplasm cytoskeleton lysosome vesicles SER nucleus centrioles golgi apparatus
Plant Cells Cell Wall Remember: all cells have a cell membrane plant cells have a The cell wall All is the cell membrane and outermost barrier a Cell Wall Cell Membrane Plant cell Cell Wall Why do plants need a cell wall? The cell wall is sturdy and rigid giving plant cells additional stability & holds the cell’s shape
Plant Cells Chloroplast a membrane-bound organelle Chloroplasts are found in all plant cells and some bacteria a process called photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 O O 2 + sugar Chloroplasts are how plants taken up to make convert solar Mitochondria work in the opposite energy into sugar direction taking up O 2 + sugar to make CO 2 + H 2 O which is called cellular respiration
Plant Cells Vacuole a membrane-bound organelle • Stores fluids which gives the plant its’ height & when plants are dehydrated the vacuole is less full causing plants to wilt due to low turgor pressure.
Eukaryotic Plant Cell Review Golgi Cell membrane Chloroplast Vacuole next cell’s cell wall Cell wall RER Nucleus Nucleolus SER Cytosol Mitochondria
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