CELLS CELL THEORY 1 ALL LIVING THINGS ARE

CELL THEORY 1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS 2. CELLS ARE THE

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS HAVE SIMILAR STRUCTURES

CELL ORGANELLES • CELL ORGANELLES HAVE 3 BASIC FUNCTIONS: 1. PRODUCE ENERGY 2. BUILD

CELL MEMBRANE • CONTROLS WHAT COMES IN AND GOES OUT OF A CELL •

NUCLEUS • CONTROL CENTER • HOLDS CHROMOSOMES THAT CONTAIN DNA

CYTOPLASM • JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE • HELPS SUPPORT ORGANELLES • HELPS GIVE CELL ITS SHAPE

MITOCHONDRIA • POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL • BREAKS DOWN FOOD FOR ENERGY • STORES

RIBOSOMES • SMALL AND ROUND • PRODUCE PROTEINS

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (E. R. ) • MAZE OF PASSAGEWAYS • MOVES MATERIAL FROM ONE

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS HAVE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES

PLANT CELLS • PLANTS CELLS HAVE 3 UNIQUE ORGANELLES 1. CELL WALL 2. CHLOROPLAST

CELL WALL • STIFF OUTER BOUNDARY OUTSIDE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE • MADE UP

CHLOROPLAST • LARGE GREEN STRUCTURES THAT HAVE CHLOROPHYLL ALLOWING PLANTS TO TRAP ENERGY FROM

LARGER VACUOLE • STORES FOOD AND WASTE • STORES EXTRA WATER

ANIMAL CELLS • ANIMAL CELLS HAVE 2 UNIQUE STRUCTURES 1. LYSOSOMES 2. CENTRIOLES

LYSOSOMES • SMALL AND ROUND • DIGEST FOOD • RECYCLE OLD CELL PARTS

ORGANISMS • THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF ORGANISMS 1. UNICELLULAR 2. MULTICELLULAR

UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS • MAKEUP MOST OF THE ORGANISMS ON EARTH • SELF-SUFFICIENT – HAVE

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS • MADE UP OF MANY CELLS • THE CELLS SPECIALIZE TO PERFORM

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION • CELLS FORM TISSUES • TISSUES FORM ORGANS • ORGANS FORM

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CELLS

CELL THEORY 1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS 2. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ALL LIVING THINGS 3. ALL LIVING CELLS COME FROM OTHER LIVING CELLS **THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT SHOWS THAT ALL LIVING THINGS SHARE A SIMILAR STRUCTURE **ROBERT HOOKE – THE FIRST PERSON TO SEE CELLS IN 1665 WHEN HE LOOKED AT CORK.

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS HAVE SIMILAR STRUCTURES

CELL ORGANELLES • CELL ORGANELLES HAVE 3 BASIC FUNCTIONS: 1. PRODUCE ENERGY 2. BUILD AND MOVE NEEDED MATERIALS 3. STORES FOOD

CELL MEMBRANE • CONTROLS WHAT COMES IN AND GOES OUT OF A CELL • OUTER BOUNDARY OF A CELL UNLESS THERE IS A CELL WALL

NUCLEUS • CONTROL CENTER • HOLDS CHROMOSOMES THAT CONTAIN DNA

VACUOLE • STORES FOOD AND WASTE

CYTOPLASM • JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE • HELPS SUPPORT ORGANELLES • HELPS GIVE CELL ITS SHAPE

MITOCHONDRIA • POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL • BREAKS DOWN FOOD FOR ENERGY • STORES AND RELEASES ENERGY

RIBOSOMES • SMALL AND ROUND • PRODUCE PROTEINS

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (E. R. ) • MAZE OF PASSAGEWAYS • MOVES MATERIAL FROM ONE PART OF THE CELL TO ANOTHER

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS HAVE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES

PLANT CELLS • PLANTS CELLS HAVE 3 UNIQUE ORGANELLES 1. CELL WALL 2. CHLOROPLAST 3. LARGER VACUOLE

CELL WALL • STIFF OUTER BOUNDARY OUTSIDE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE • MADE UP OF NON-LIVING MATERIAL • ALLOWS MATERIAL IN AND OUT OF THE CELL

CHLOROPLAST • LARGE GREEN STRUCTURES THAT HAVE CHLOROPHYLL ALLOWING PLANTS TO TRAP ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT TO PRODUCE FOOD

LARGER VACUOLE • STORES FOOD AND WASTE • STORES EXTRA WATER

ANIMAL CELLS • ANIMAL CELLS HAVE 2 UNIQUE STRUCTURES 1. LYSOSOMES 2. CENTRIOLES

LYSOSOMES • SMALL AND ROUND • DIGEST FOOD • RECYCLE OLD CELL PARTS

ORGANISMS • THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF ORGANISMS 1. UNICELLULAR 2. MULTICELLULAR

UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS • MAKEUP MOST OF THE ORGANISMS ON EARTH • SELF-SUFFICIENT – HAVE EVERYTHING THEY NEED WITHIN THEMSELVES • EXAMPLES: • PLANT – LIKE PROTIST • EUGLENA • ANIMAL – LIKE PROTIST • • PARAMECIUM AMOEBA

MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS • MADE UP OF MANY CELLS • THE CELLS SPECIALIZE TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION • CELLS FORM TISSUES • TISSUES FORM ORGANS • ORGANS FORM ORGAN SYSTEMS • ORGAN SYSTEMS FORM ENTIRE ORGANISM