Cells Cell Organelles Doing Lifes Work AP Biology
Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life’s Work AP Biology
Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote _______ Eukaryotes _______ animal cells Regents Biology plant cells
Cell size comparison most bacteria Animal cell Bacterial cell § 1 -10 microns eukaryotic cells § 10 -100 microns Regents Biology § micron = micrometer = 1/1, 000 meter § diameter of human hair = ~20 microns
Why study cells? § Cells Tissues Organs Bodies _____________________________ u Regents Biology
The Work of Life § What jobs do cells have to do for an organism to live… u “breathe” § ________________ u ______________ § take in & digest food u ______________ ATP § ATP u ______________ § proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids u u ____________________________ § ________________ u u ____________________________ § growth, repair, reproduction & development Regents Biology
The Jobs of Cells § Cells have 3 main jobs u __________ § need energy for all activities § need to clean up waste produced while making energy u Our organelles do all these jobs! __________ § proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them u __________ § for growth § to replace damaged or diseased cells Regents Biology
Organelles § Organelles do the work of cells u each structure has a job to do § keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive They’re like mini-organs! Regents Biology Model Animal Cell
1. Cells need power! § Making energy u to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must… § § ATP u take in food & digest it take in oxygen (O 2) make ATP remove waste organelles that do this work… § § Regents Biology ______________________
Cell membrane phosphate “head” § Function _______________________________ u § O 2, CO 2, food, H 2 O, nutrients, waste u ________________ § allows communication between cells § Structure u double layer of fat § ___________ u ___________ § ___________ Regents Biology lipid “tail”
Vacuoles & vesicles § Function u u small food particle ________________ § Structure u membrane sac vacuole filled w/ digestive enzymes vesicle filled w/ Regents Biology digested nutrients
Food & water storage food vacuole plant cells central vacuole animal cells Regents Biology contractile vacuole
Lysosomes § Function u ________ § used to make energy u ________ § digest broken organelles § Structure u small food particle vacuole digesting food Regents Biology membrane sac of digestive enzymes digesting broken organelles
A Job for Lysosomes 6 weeks 15 weeks Regents Biology
Mitochondria § Function u __________________ § sugar + O 2 ATP § fuels the work of life § Structure u double membrane in both animal & plant cells Regents Biology ATP
Plants make energy two ways! § ____________ u ATP make energy from sugar § ___________ § sugar ATP § ____________ u make energy + sugar from sunlight § ___________ § sunlight ATP & sugar w ATP = active energy w sugar = stored energy n Regents Biology build leaves & roots & fruit out of sugars sugar ATP
Mitochondria are in both cells!! animal cells plant cells mitochondria Regents Biology chloroplast
2. Cells need workers = proteins! § Making proteins u to run daily life & growth, the cell must… § read genes (DNA) § build proteins w structural proteins (muscle fibers) w enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) w signals (hormones) & receptors u organelles that do this work… § § Regents Biology __________________________
Proteins do all the work! one of the major job of cells is to make proteins, because… proteins do all the work! structural enzymes signals receptors DNA Regents Biology proteins cells
Nucleus § Function control center of cell u protects DNA u § instructions for building proteins § Structure __________________________ u § ribosome factory u _____________ § DNA Regents Biology
Ribosomes § Function u u _____________ read instructions to build proteins from DNA § Structure u u some free in cytoplasm some attached to ER Regents Biology Ribosomes on ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum § Function u _________ § helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them u _________ § Structure u _________ § ribosomes attached § works on proteins u _________ § makes membranes Regents Biology
Golgi Apparatus § Function u __________________ § like UPS headquarters § shipping & receiving department u __________________ § “UPS trucks” § Structure u vesicles carrying proteins membrane sacs Regents Biology transport vesicles
_____________ _______ protein on its way! _______ TO: vesicle _______ TO: finished protein _______ Making Proteins Regents Biology _____________
Cells need to make more cells! § Making more cells u to repair & reproduce, the cell must… § copy their DNA § make extra organelles § divide the new DNA & new organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells u organelles that do this work… § ____________________ Regents Biology
Centrioles § Function u _____________ § Structure u one pair in each cell Regents Biology
Cell Summary § Cells have 3 main jobs u __________ § need food + O 2 § cellular respiration & photosynthesis Our § need to remove wastes u __________ organelles do all those jobs! § need instructions from DNA § need to chain together amino acids & “finish” & “ship” the protein u __________ § need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells Regents Biology
That’s my cellular story… Any Questions? AP Biology 2009 -2010
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