CELLS B2 Understand structure function of cells their
CELLS B-2 Understand structure & function of cells & their organelles
Essential Question What are the similarities & differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Microscopes Earliest ones in mid-1600’s Robert Hooke published Micrographia in 1665 : 1 st description & drawings of a cell
Cork Drawings Robert Hooke
Anton von Leeuwenhoek Dutch linen draper made superior microscopes described “animalcules” in pond water
Anton von Leeuwenhoek Discovered bacteria in 1683
Matthias Scheilden 1838: “All plants are made up of cells”
Theodor Schwann 1839: “ All animals are made up of cells. ”
Rudolph Virchow 1855: “All cells come from other cells. ”
The Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things. 3. New cells come from existing cells.
MICROSCOPES NEW TECHNOLOGIES ALLOW US TO SEE CELLS IN 3 -D STAINS CAN BE USED TO HIGHLIGHT DIFFERENT PARTS OF CELL
ELECTRON MICROSCOPES
All cells have: 1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. DNA 4. Ribosomes even the bacteria!
TYPES of CELLS Prokaryotic earliest cells small, simple (-) nucleus Eukaryoti c larger, more complex (+) nucleus
Size Comparison
PROKARYOTIC CELLS THOUGHT TO BE 1 ST CELLS ON EARTH • 3. 5 BILLION YEARS AGO OR MORE MAKE UP A LARGE & DIVERSE GROUP OF CELLS • FOUND IN WIDE RANGE OF HABITATS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS GENETIC MATERIAL • SINGLE LOOP OF DNA FOUND CLUSTERED IN CENTER (NUCLEOID) CELL WALL • SURROUNDS CELL MEMBRANE • PROVIDES STRUCTURE & SUPPORT
PROKARYOTIC CELLS CAPSULE • AROUND CELL WALL • FOUND IN SOME PROKARYOTIC CELLS • ALLOWS THEM TO ATTACH TO SURFACES
PARTS of a BACTERIA
BACTERIA FLAGELLUM • A long tail-like structure that grows out of a cell & allows it to move PILUS (plural: PILI) • Hair-like structure attached to surface of some bacteria; involved with adhesion to surfaces
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
SHAPES of BACTERIA
Cell Membrane Regulates what goes in & out of cell Secretes substances that make up the cell wall and capsule
Cytoplasm Gel-like substance inside cell membrane Watery portion called the cytosol. Most chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis Made of r. RNA and proteins Bacterial ribosomes unique
Ribosomes
QUIZ DRAW & LABEL
EUKARYOTES AN ORGANISM THAT IS MADE UP OF 1 OR MORE EUKARYOTIC CELLS SINCE THEY ARE MORE COMPLEX THAN PROKARYOTIC CELLS, EUKARYOTIC CELLS CAN CARRY OUT MORE SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS
EUKARYOTIC CELLS 1 ST APPEARED 1. 5 BILLION YEARS AGO CONTAIN MEMBRANEBOUND ORGANELLES ORGANELLE: “SMALL ORGAN” FOUND IN CYTOPLASM, PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS FOR THE CELL
Eukaryotic Cells nucleus protects DNA kept inside nucleus protecting it from busy activities going on in cytoplasm.
Single-Celled Eukaryotic Organisms (Protists)
Cells in multicellular organisms are specialized
Eukaryotic Cells
The Cell; A Preview http: //vcell. ndsu. nodak. edu/animations/flythr ough/movie-flash. htm
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