CELLS AND THE CELL THEORY REMEMBER CELLS Cells

CELLS AND THE CELL THEORY

REMEMBER CELLS? Cells are the most basic building blocks of living things.

CELLS: Cells are divided into two main groups: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

CELLS – THE TWO MAIN GROUPS Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Prokaryotic cells do Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus (where the DNA is kept). have a nucleus.

CELLS – THE TWO MAIN GROUPS Prokaryotic cell (example: bacteria cell) Eukaryotic cell (example: animal cells)

EXPLORE A PROKARYOTIC BACTERIAL CELL Click on the link below. Click the RED button that says “start the animation”. Explore the parts of a bacterial cell. Interactive Bacteria Cell Model (cellsalive. com)

EXPLORE A EUKARYOTIC PLANT CELL Click on the link below. Click the RED button that says “start the animation”. Select “plant cell” at the bottom of the page. Fill in the parts of a plant cell on the “Cells Alive! Plant cell worksheet”. (the structures will be labeled by hovering over either the word or the structures in the cell) Interactive Eukaryotic Cell Model (cellsalive. com)

EXPLORE A EUKARYOTIC ANIMAL CELL Click on the link below. Click the RED button that says “start the animation”. Select “animal cell” at the bottom of the page. Fill in the parts of an animal cell on the “Cells Alive! Animal cell worksheet”. (the structures will be labeled by hovering over either the word or the structures in the cell) Interactive Eukaryotic Cell Model (cellsalive. com)

PARTS OF A EUKARYOTIC CELL Remember that the smaller parts that make up a cell are called “organelles” From the next few slides, write down the names of the following organelles and their functions.

CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Nucleus: this is where DNA is stored in a cell. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): the master code that gives directions for every part of you. Cytosol: The “soup” that all the cell organelles sit in. This is where most cell metabolism happens.

CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Cytoplasm: the collective name for the cytosol and the cell organelles sitting in the cytosol Centrosome: these structures are used to help cells divide. Centrosomes are the places where microtubules (used in cell structure) are made.

CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Golgi or Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Body: this is important in packaging macromolecules (large molecules) for transport elsewhere in the cell. Lysosome: these are the organelles that clean up the cell (think lysosome = Lysol). They contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion. Lysosomes are common in animal cells, but not in plant cells.

CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Peroxisome: In animal cells, peroxisomes make hydrogen peroxide to kill bacterial cells. Cell membrane: a fatty double layer that controls what enters and exits a cell. Mitochondria: where sugar is chemically broken down in a cell to generate energy. Think powerhouse of the cell.

CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Cell wall: rigid (inflexible) structure that is used for structure and protection of a plant cell. Cell walls are not found in animal cells. Chloroplasts: These are found in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the plant cell's chlorophyll responsible for the plant's green color and the ability to absorb energy from sunlight. This energy is used to convert water plus atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars by the process of photosynthesis.

CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER): This is attached to the nucleus. The smooth ER can be used to make fats and hormones. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER): This is not attached to the nucleus. It is called “rough” because it has ribosomes on it, making it look bumpy. The rough ER is used to transport (move) things around the cell.

CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Ribosomes: this is where proteins are made. Nucleolus: inside the nucleus. This is what makes the ribosomes. Cytoskeleton: this gives cells shape and can help the cell move. Vacuole: these are used for storage. In a plant cell, there is a large central vacuole that stores water.

GAME TIME! Click on the link below. Try to match all of the organelles with their functions. When you make a match, the cards will show as identical colors. After you have matched all the cards, draw in lines to match the organelles with their functions on your paper. Memory Match (cellsalive. com)

GAME TIME! - OPTIONAL Try your hand at completing the animal and/or plant cell jig saw puzzles: Animal cell jig saw puzzle: Animal Cell Model Jigsaw (cellsalive. com) Plant cell jog saw puzzle: Plant Cell Model Jigsaw (cellsalive. com)

HOW ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS ARE DIFFERENT Plant cells have 3 things an animal cell doesn’t: 1. Large central vacuole 2. Chloroplast 3. Cell wall

CELL THEORY – HOW DID WE DISCOVER CELLS? Read this article on the Cell Theory:

THE CELL THEORY Advancements in microscope technology allowed scientists to view cells better, giving more and more information. This new information gave support for the cell theory.

THE CELL THEORY The cell theory has 3 parts (write these down): 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

TIMELINE OF THE CELL THEORY – COPY ONTO YOUR PAPER Robert Hooke coined the term “cell”. Leuwenhoek worked with higher-powered microscopes to see many more details of the cell. 1665 1670’s Schwann and Schleiden collaborated on the cell theory: the cell is the basic building block for life and that all living things are made up of one or more cells. 1839 Virchow says that all cells come from preexisting cells. 1855

LIVING OR NON-LIVING? Make the T-chart below on your paper. Categorize the following things as living or non-living (as in was never alive) Tree, fungi, flower, bacteria, snowflake, rock, human, lightening Living Non-living

CELLS AND THE CELL THEORY QUIZ Complete the following quiz on paper (in-person students) or in a word document (innovation students). Write the question number and the letter of your questions answer. You may use the notes you took from this power point. This will be a formative grade. In-person students turn the assignment into the basket. Innovative students upload your word document to grade book under cell and cell theory quiz.

CELLS AND CELL THEORY QUIZ 1. Which cell type does not have a nucleus? a. Prokaryotic b. Eukaryotic c. Animal d. Plant

CELLS AND CELL THEORY QUIZ 2. What is stored in the nucleus? a. water b. DNA c. Food d. energy

CELLS AND CELL THEORY QUIZ 3. Which three cell organelles do plant cells have, but animal cell do not? a. chloroplast, lysosomes, mitochondria b. chloroplast, large vacuole, ribosomes c. chloroplast, cell wall, nucleus d. chloroplast, cell wall, large vacuole

CELLS AND CELL THEORY QUIZ 4. In what cell organelle does photosynthesis occur? a. mitochondria b. ribosomes c. chloroplast d. golgi apparatus

CELLS AND CELL THEORY QUIZ 5. In what cell organelle are proteins made? a. mitochondria b. ribosomes c. chloroplast d. golgi apparatus

CELLS AND CELL THEORY QUIZ 6. Which cell organelle is responsible for breaking down sugar for energy to power the cell (powerhouse)? a. mitochondria b. ribosomes c. chloroplast d. golgi apparatus

CELLS AND CELL THEORY QUIZ 7. Which is not a part of the cell theory? a. Cells are the basic building block for living things b. All living things are made up of one or more cells c. Animal cells are more advanced than plant cells d. Cells come from other cells

CELLS AND CELL THEORY QUIZ 8. Who coined the term “cell”? a. Hooke b. Leuwenhoek c. Schwann d. Virchow