Cells and Cell Organelles History of the Cell

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Cells and Cell Organelles

Cells and Cell Organelles

History of the Cell: Robert Hooke In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book Micrographia

History of the Cell: Robert Hooke In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book Micrographia In his book he drew pictures of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes.

The Cell Theory • Explains the relationship between cells and living things and holds

The Cell Theory • Explains the relationship between cells and living things and holds true for all living things, no matter how big or small! It states the following: 1. ) All living things are made of cells. 2. ) Cells are the basic building blocks of life. 3. All cells are produced from other cells.

Cell- basic building block of all LIVING things. Cells come in different shapes and

Cell- basic building block of all LIVING things. Cells come in different shapes and sizes and perform different functions (jobs) for the organism.

Epithelium (skin cells) 400 X 100 X Magnification

Epithelium (skin cells) 400 X 100 X Magnification

Blood cells 400 X 100 X

Blood cells 400 X 100 X

Bone cells 100 X 400 X

Bone cells 100 X 400 X

Cartilage (connective) 400 X 100 X

Cartilage (connective) 400 X 100 X

Muscle Cells (skeletal) 100 X 400 X

Muscle Cells (skeletal) 100 X 400 X

Neurons (nerves) 100 X 400 X

Neurons (nerves) 100 X 400 X

Some organisms are unicellular and some are multicellular. UNI = one

Some organisms are unicellular and some are multicellular. UNI = one

unibrow

unibrow

unicorn

unicorn

Multi = many Multicolored

Multi = many Multicolored

Unicellular Organisms Multicellular organisms Living things made of only ONE cell Living things made

Unicellular Organisms Multicellular organisms Living things made of only ONE cell Living things made of MORE THAN ONE cell Examples: Euglena Many bacteria Amoeba Ciliates People Plants Trees

Organelles -(little organs) found in the cell. • Carry out specific functions within the

Organelles -(little organs) found in the cell. • Carry out specific functions within the cell. Each organelle has a different function just like the organs that make up your body!

“the brain” • Controls the cells activities • Contains the DNA.

“the brain” • Controls the cells activities • Contains the DNA.

“recipe/instructions” DNA • Genetic material that provides the code that determines the traits of

“recipe/instructions” DNA • Genetic material that provides the code that determines the traits of an organism. (big nose, brown hair)

We have learned… Each dark spot that you see in each cell is a

We have learned… Each dark spot that you see in each cell is a nucleus. It is one of the easiest organelles to see with a microscope. The nucleus is very important for two reasons: 1. Controls the cell/coordinates activities 2. Holds the DNA (genetic information)

“skin of cell” • Thin structure that surrounds all cells • Forms a boundary

“skin of cell” • Thin structure that surrounds all cells • Forms a boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell. Think of the membrane like the skin of a grape.

Look at the raisin … What do you notice about the raisin that has

Look at the raisin … What do you notice about the raisin that has been in water overnight? The cell membrane is the thin layer that surrounds the cell. We are using raisin to represent a cell membrane. It is what holds just about everything in the grape. • Some things can get into the cell membrane like water, making the cell get BIG • Some things can get out of the cell (waste)

Mighty “powerhouse” Looks like a hot dog don’t it? • Stores chemical energy (glucose

Mighty “powerhouse” Looks like a hot dog don’t it? • Stores chemical energy (glucose or sugar) and releases to the cell.

Think about muscles and exercise. Why do you eat? How do you get your

Think about muscles and exercise. Why do you eat? How do you get your energy? It all comes from the mighty mitochondria. What happens is your body breaks down (digests) your food into sugar. The sugar (glucose) goes into the mitochondria and turns into energy…. how neat! Which body cells do you think have more mitochondria?

Vacuole Storage (“Vacuum bag”) • Stores food, waste, water and minerals. • Much larger

Vacuole Storage (“Vacuum bag”) • Stores food, waste, water and minerals. • Much larger in plant cells than animal cells.

Look around the room, what compares to a vacuole? … The vacuole is the

Look around the room, what compares to a vacuole? … The vacuole is the storage bag of the cell. If you’re hungry, you eat. If you’re thirsty, you drink. You have legs! Therefore, you do not need a big storage area in your cell BUT plants depend on rain and sunlight to eat/drink. If it doesn’t rain for a few days, or the sun doesn’t shine, the plant doesn’t die. Instead, it taps into its storage center and takes water/food from there!

cytoplasm cell membrane mitochondria nucleus vacuole DNA

cytoplasm cell membrane mitochondria nucleus vacuole DNA

Stop and do the plant vs. animal cell comparison on page #7 Can you

Stop and do the plant vs. animal cell comparison on page #7 Can you spot the 4 differences between a plant cell and an animal cell?

Vacuole

Vacuole

1. Plants have a cell wall 2. Larger vacuole in plants 3. Plants have

1. Plants have a cell wall 2. Larger vacuole in plants 3. Plants have chloroplasts 4. Plant cells are square-shaped Now turn to note page

Why the cell wall in plants? Most animals have a skeleton to help them

Why the cell wall in plants? Most animals have a skeleton to help them stand up. What about me? The cell wall stiffens the plant and surrounds the cell membrane. The cell wall is made of a stiff, non-living material called cellulose! This is what gives the plant its shape and stiffness!

Cell Wall • Rigid structure that surrounds and protects the plant cell.

Cell Wall • Rigid structure that surrounds and protects the plant cell.

Take a look… Celery is a plant. It is rigid/stiff because it is made

Take a look… Celery is a plant. It is rigid/stiff because it is made up of plant cells which have cell walls. Eggs are made of animal cells, which do not have cell walls, and therefore are squishy and soft. A cell wall protects the plant cell, and helps support the plant.

Chloroplasts Chloro sounds like color! • Convert light energy from the sun into chemical

Chloroplasts Chloro sounds like color! • Convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy that can be used by the cell. This process is called photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll • Green chemical found in plants that traps the sun to help make

Chlorophyll • Green chemical found in plants that traps the sun to help make food for the plant. • Chlorophyll FILLS the chloroplast!

mitochondria cytoplasm nucleus cell membrane vacuole DNA cell wall chloroplast

mitochondria cytoplasm nucleus cell membrane vacuole DNA cell wall chloroplast

They might be giants-cells • They might be giants-Cells

They might be giants-cells • They might be giants-Cells