Cells Anatomy Cells and Tissues Carry out all
- Slides: 30
Cells Anatomy
Cells and Tissues • Carry out all chemical activities • Cells are the building blocks of all living things • Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Anatomy of the Cell • Cells are not all the same • All cells share general structures • All cells have three main regions ▫ Nucleus ▫ Cytoplasm ▫ Plasma membrane
The Nucleus • Control center of the cell ▫ Contains genetic material (DNA)
The Nucleus • Three regions ▫ Nuclear envelope (membrane) ▫ Nucleolus ▫ Chromatin
The Nucleus
The Nucleus • Nuclear envelope (membrane) ▫ Double membrane ▫ nuclear pores - exchange of material
The Nucleus • Nucleoli ▫ Sites of ribosome assembly ▫ Ribosomes move into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores
The Nucleus • Chromatin ▫ DNA and protein ▫ Present when the cell is not dividing
Plasma Membrane • Barrier for cell contents • Double phospholipid layer ▫ Hydrophilic heads ▫ Hydrophobic tails
Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane Specializations • Microvilli ▫ Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption ▫ Do all cells have microvilli?
Plasma Membrane Specializations • Membrane junctions ▫ Tight junctions ▫ Desmosomes ▫ Gap junctions
Plasma Membrane Specializations
Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm is the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm • Cytosol • Organelles • Inclusions
Cytoplasmic Organelles
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Mitochondria ▫ “Powerhouses” of the cell
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Ribosomes ▫ Sites of protein synthesis ▫ Found at two locations:
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ▫ Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Rough ER • Smooth ER
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Golgi apparatus ▫ Modifies and packages proteins:
Proteins in cisterna Rough ER Cisterna Lysosome fuses with ingested substances Membrane Transport vesicle Golgi vesicle containing digestive enzymes becomes a lysosome Pathway 3 Golgi apparatus Pathway 1 Golgi vesicle containing proteins to be secreted becomes a secretory vesicle Pathway 2 Secretory vesicles Proteins Secretion by exocytosis Golgi vesicle containing membrane components fuses with the plasma membrane Plasma membrane Extracellular fluid
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Lysosomes ▫ Contain enzymes that digest worn-out or non-usable materials within the cell
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Peroxisomes ▫ Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes �Detoxify harmful substances �Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals)
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cytoskeleton ▫ Internal framework/structure
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cytoskeleton ▫ Three different types:
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Centrioles ▫ Rod-shaped structure made off microtubules ▫ Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division
Cellular Projections • Not found in all cells • Used for movement
Cellular Projections • Cilia: move materials across the cell surface • Flagella: propel the cell
- Body tissues chapter 3 cells and tissues
- 4 primary tissue types
- Body tissues chapter 3 cells and tissues
- Anatomy chapter 3 cells and tissues
- Cells form tissues. tissues form __________.
- Which part of the cell contains genetic material
- Cell membrane phospholipids
- What is the function of the golgi apparatus
- Adipose epithelial tissue
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to
- Divisions of anatomy
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to:
- One direction - one thing
- What do all connective tissues have in common
- Sistem all in all out
- Carry out research
- What did you learn by extension work activities answer
- Uses the witch tales to carry out personal vengeance
- What function does atp carry out in living things
- Design an experiment to carry out food tests
- Name all the rays
- All waves carry
- Red blood cells anatomy and physiology
- Functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Sphenoid paranasal sinus
- Chlorocruorin
- Venn diagram plant vs animal cells
- Masses of cells form and steal nutrients from healthy cells
- The movement in and out of cells
- The movement in and out of cells