Cells Anatomy Cells and Tissues Carry out all
- Slides: 31
Cells Anatomy
Cells and Tissues • Carry out all chemical activities • Cells are the building blocks of all living things • Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Anatomy of the Cell • Cells are not all the same • All cells share general structures • All cells have three main regions ▫ Nucleus ▫ Cytoplasm ▫ Plasma membrane
The Nucleus • Control center of the cell ▫ Contains genetic material (DNA)
The Nucleus • Three regions ▫ Nuclear envelope (membrane) ▫ Nucleolus ▫ Chromatin
The Nucleus
The Nucleus • Nuclear envelope (membrane) ▫ Double membrane ▫ nuclear pores - exchange of material
The Nucleus • Nucleoli ▫ Sites of ribosome assembly ▫ Ribosomes move into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores
The Nucleus • Chromatin ▫ DNA and protein ▫ Present when the cell is not dividing
Plasma Membrane • Barrier for cell contents • Double phospholipid layer ▫ Hydrophilic heads ▫ Hydrophobic tails
Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane Specializations • Microvilli ▫ Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption ▫ Do all cells have microvilli?
Plasma Membrane Specializations • Membrane junctions ▫ Tight junctions ▫ Desmosomes ▫ Gap junctions
Plasma Membrane Specializations ▫ Tight junctions �Impermeable junctions �Bind cells together into leak-proof sheets ▫ Desmosomes �Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart (Think ANCHORS) ▫ Gap junctions �Allow communication between cells (GAPS)
Plasma Membrane Specializations
Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm is the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm • Cytosol �Fluid that suspends other elements • Organelles �“Little organs” that perform functions • Inclusions �Stored nutrients or cell products
Cytoplasmic Organelles
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Mitochondria ▫ “Powerhouses” of the cell ▫ Carry out reactions: oxygen used to break down food ▫ Provides ATP
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Ribosomes ▫ Sites of protein synthesis ▫ Found at two locations: �Free in cytoplasm �Part of the Rough ER
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ▫ Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Rough ER �Studded with ribosomes �Synthesizes proteins • Smooth ER �Lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Golgi apparatus ▫ Modifies and packages proteins:
Proteins in cisterna Rough ER Cisterna Lysosome fuses with ingested substances Membrane Transport vesicle Golgi vesicle containing digestive enzymes becomes a lysosome Pathway 3 Golgi apparatus Pathway 1 Golgi vesicle containing proteins to be secreted becomes a secretory vesicle Pathway 2 Secretory vesicles Proteins Secretion by exocytosis Golgi vesicle containing membrane components fuses with the plasma membrane Plasma membrane Extracellular fluid
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Lysosomes ▫ Contain enzymes that digest worn-out or non-usable materials within the cell
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Peroxisomes ▫ Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes �Detoxify harmful substances �Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) ▫ Replicate by pinching in half
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cytoskeleton ▫ Internal framework/structure
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cytoskeleton ▫ Three different types: �Microfilaments (largest) �Intermediate filaments �Microtubules (smallest)
Cytoplasmic Organelles • Centrioles ▫ Rod-shaped structure made off microtubules ▫ Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division
Cellular Projections • Not found in all cells • Used for movement
Cellular Projections • Cilia: move materials across the cell surface �Located in the respiratory system to move mucus • Flagella: propel the cell �The only cell in the human body with flagella is sperm
- Body tissue
- Chapter 3 cells and tissues body tissues
- Body tissues chapter 3 cells and tissues
- Anatomy chapter 3 cells and tissues
- Eisonophil
- Which part of the cell contains genetic material
- Chapter 3 cells and tissues figure 3-1
- What is the function of the golgi apparatus
- Epithelium location
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to
- Division of anatomy
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to:
- You're my kryptonite one direction
- What do all connective tissues have in common
- Sistem all in all out
- Carry out the research
- Extension work project
- Elizabeth proctor condemns herself by
- What function does atp carry out in living things
- Food tests questions
- Opposite rays
- All waves carry
- Anatomy and physiology of rbc
- Functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Paranasal sinus at birth
- Red blood cells and white blood cells difference
- Plant and animal cells venn diagram
- Masses of cells form and steal nutrients from healthy cells
- The movement in and out of cells
- Are ion channels passive or active
- Phospholipid bilayer tails