Cell types Prokaryote Eukaryote Single celled organisms Organisms

Cell types Prokaryote Eukaryote Single celled organisms Organisms with one or more cells

The Prokaryotic Cell

Terms • Cell wall - rigid outer layer of the cell – located outside the plasma membrane and within the capsule – provides structure • DNA - The genetic material; it is located within the cytoplasm.

• Cytoplasm - The jellylike material inside the plasma membrane – Contains the genetic material and ribosomes. • Cell (Plasma) membrane - A permeable membrane located within the cell wall. – Responsible for energy generation and transport of chemicals.

Ribosome - Small organelles Location of the RNA – Is where protein synthesis occurs. – Located within the cytoplasm. Plasmid - Small piece of cytoplasmic DNA – Can be transferred from one organism to another.

Capsule - A layer on the outside of the cell wall. Most but not all bacteria have a capsule. Flagellum - A long whip-like structure used for locomotion (movement). Some bacteria have more than one flagellum.

• pili - (singular is pilus) Hair-like projections that allow bacterial cells to stick to surfaces and transfer DNA to one another.

Other things you should know about Prokaryotes There are two kingdoms of Prokaryotes – 1. Bacteria – 2. Archaea • • Prokaryotes have no Nucleus Prokaryotes are limited on how big they can get by the surface to volume ratio.

Surface to Volume Ratio – The surface to volume ratio decreases as cell size increases – The bigger a cell gets • the more food it needs and the more waste it produces • the less food it can get in and the less waste it can get out.