Cell Types and Cell Structure Review The Cell

Cell Types and Cell Structure

Review: The Cell Theory • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=dg. HN 145 _dj 0

Prokaryotic • An organism with a cell that lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes. Single celled, bacteria – LACKS A NUCLEUS – BACTERIA

Eukaryotic • An organism that contains internal, membrane bound structures (ORGANELLES: a structure that carries out specific activities in the cell)

Prokaryotic vs. • no nucleus • no membrane enclosed organelles • single chromosome • cell division without mitosis Eukaryotic • nucleus • membrane enclosed organelle • chromosomes in pairs • cell division by mitosis

Prokaryotic Examples: Bacteria only vs. Eukaryotic Examples: Plant cells Animal cells Fungi Protists

Prokaryote Coloring Worksheet • • • What bacteria causes strep throat? What are the oldest life forms on Earth? What type of bacteria causes food poisoning? What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to surfaces? What does decompose mean? What is the control center of the bacteria cell? What part of the bacteria cell helps it move? Where do Archaebacteria live? To what kingdom to common bacteria belong?

Worksheet with Venn Diagram!!! • • • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes • No organelles Plants and Animals • Nucleus • First cells to evolve More complex cells to evolve No Nucleus Fungi and Protists DNA Plasma Membrane Always has a cell wall May have a cell wall Many organelles

Cell Wall • Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria • Made of cellulose in plants • Made of peptidoglycan in bacteria • Made of chitin in Fungi • Made of cellulose in plants Cell wall 9

Centrioles • • • Found only in animal cells Paired structures near nucleus Made of bundle of microtubules Appear during cell division Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell 10

Chloroplasts photosynthesis 1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells, containing the chlorophyll pigments Chloroplasts

Plasma membrane (Cell Membrane) the bouncer 1. Surrounds Cells 2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in plants Plasma Membrane

Microtubules and Microfilaments gives structure 1. Structural components of the cell (cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes Microtubules and Microfilaments

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) packager and distributes 1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness is the attached ribosomes) 2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex) the UPS 1. Assembly and editing of proteins Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes trash compactor 1. Contain enzymes that break down and help recycle large proteins in animal cells Lysosomes

Mitochondria the ENERGY man makes ATP 1. Powerhouse ‑ site of ATP synthesis Mitochondria

Nucleus the brain 1. Membranous nuclear envelope 2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones) Nucleus

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli • Disappears when cell divides • Makes ribosomes that make proteins • • copyright cmassengale 19

The Control Organelle - Nucleus • Controls the normal activities of the cell • Contains the DNA in chromosomes • Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores • Usually the largest organelle copyright cmassengale 20

Nuclear Envelope • Double membrane surrounding nucleus • Also called nuclear membrane • Contains nuclear pores for materials to enter & leave nucleus • Connected to the rough ER Nuclear pores copyright cmassengale 21

Inside the Nucleus The genetic material (DNA) is found DNA is spread out And appears as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells DNA is condensed & wrapped around proteins forming as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells copyright cmassengale 22

Cytoplasm 1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up the inside of the cell Cytoplasm

Ribosomes makes proteins 1. Attached to Rough ER 2. Site of protein synthesis Ribosomes

Vacuoles: holds water 1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells contain enzymes and pigments in plant cells Vacuoles

Flagella and Cilia hairs 1. Cell surface projections for movement Flagella and Cilia

Comparison: Plant cells Animal cells q Large, central vacuole q Chloroplasts q Rigid cell wall q No Lysosome q No centriole q No large, central vacuole q No chloroplasts q No rigid cell wall q Lysosomes q Centrioles

Cells come from other cells • Mr Parr • Cellsalive. com