Cell Theory and Cell Structure Cells are basic

Cell Theory and Cell Structure • Cells are basic building blocks of life • Every LIVING thing is made up of cells • Even the smallest organisms are made up of a SINGLE CELL • Cells perform different functions • Every cell comes from another existing cell (cells divide to form new cells) • Think of a cell as a factory, each structure is like a machine that preforms a different function to keep the factory running.

Eukaryotic VS Prokaryotic • Nucleid • Single DNA • No membrane bound organelles • Typically much smaller • Circular DNA that floats freely around cell Both Eukaryotic Chromosomes DNA as genetic material Ribosomes Cytoplasm Plasma membrane Sometimes have cell wall • Vacuoles • • Nucleus • Linear DNA that is held in the nucleus • Complex DNA • Membrane bound organelles • Typically much larger

• Animals, plants, and some fungi are multicellular • Protists (amoeba and algae) are single celled • Archaebacteria (live in EXTREME environments like hot springs or very salty water) are single celled Multicellular VS Single Celled (unicellular) • Eubacteria (bacteria in soil, water, and other living things) are single celled

Organelles • Organelles are the parts of a cell • They process and release energy • They destroy and digest objects • They replicate genetic information

Plant Cells • Plant cells have chloroplasts to produce food from sunlight • Plant cells have a large central vacuole for storage that takes up a lot of space • Plant cells have a cell wall • A rigid barrier made out of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane

Animal Cells • Animal cells do NOT have Chloroplasts • If animals had these we could just sit out in the sun for lunch • Animal cells have a small or no vacuole • If animals had these we could go A LOT longer without food or water • Animal cells do NOT have a cell wall • If animals have these we might be crunchy, most animals have a skeleton instead

Plant Cells • Cell Wall • LARGE vacuole • Chloroplasts • Flagella only in gametes Animal Cells Both • Mitochondria • Golgi Apparatus • Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum • Nucleus • Ribosomes • Cytoplasm • NO cell wall • Small or no vacuole • No chloroplasts • Flagella

Cell membrane • Every cell has a cell membrane • It is a layer on the outside of the cell that holds the cell together • Controls flow of material in and out of the cell like a gate to a castle

Cell Wall (Plants ONLY) • The cell wall is a tough and rigid outer wall that protects the cell and gives it a shape • Think of the Cell Wall as a highly fortified castle wall • Cell walls also allow materials to enter into the cell

Cytoplasm • Jellylike substance • All structures, organelles, and activities are contained in the cytoplasm • It's like the jello and the organelles are the fruit in a jello salad. • Cytoskeleton maintains structure and helps things move around in the cell • Think about the word "plasm" it sounds ooey-gooey to me!

Ribosomes • Protein making factories in a cell • Part of major reactions that take place in the cell • Ribosomes receive directions from hereditary material to make certain proteins • Remember the word RIBS (like what you eat) they are full of the protein!

Nucleus • Control center of the cell • Houses cells chromosomes • Also includes • Nuclear membrane- protective double membrane surrounding the nucleus that controls flow of materials in and out of the nucleus • Nucleolus- small structure found inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes and transports them to the cytoplasm

Lysosome • Cells garbage and recycling facility • Has chemicals to break down food, cell waste, and foreign particles that enter the cell (bacteria and viruses) • It digests and destroys dead cells or old cell parts and recycles material to make other cells • Think LYSO like LYSOL the stuff you spray when the TRASH stinks!!!

Central Vacuole • Temporary storage bubbles for the cell • Stores water, food, and waste • Think of it like VAC-um –they store things in the bag!!

Mitochondria • Cells powerhouse • Release energy in food by carrying out a reaction with oxygen • Cells that need more energy (like muscle cells) have a larger number of mitochondria • Think MIGHTY-POWERHOUSE

• Food production structures that contain CHLOROPHYLL (green pigment that makes the plant look green) • Also uses energy from the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into glucose (a simple sugar) • "Chloro" refer to the word COLOR!!!! Chloroplast (plants only)

ANIMAL? PLANT?