Cell Structure Unit 3 Lesson 3 Cell Structure

Cell Structure Unit 3 – Lesson 3

Cell Structure • All parts of the cell are made out of four basic components. – – Proteins Lipids Carbs DNA

Cell Structure • Each cell has a job to do. It needs structures in order to function. • Cells rely on structures called ORGANELLES. Looks like miniorgans!

Cell Structure • Organelles aide the cell with: – Shape and Movement – Manufacturing Molecules – Processing Energy – Processing, Transporting and Storing Molecules

Cell Shape and Movement • Shape is given to the cell by: – Cell Membrane – Cell Wall – Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton

Cell Membrane • Protective layer around all cells. • It allows food and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell. The pink structure indicates a protein in the cell membrane – proteins allow material in and out of the cell Animal Cell Plant Cell

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Cell Wall • Tough rigid outer coverings that protects the cell and give it shape. • Found in plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria. Why Do Plant Cells Have Cell Walls? Animal Cell Plant Cell

Cytoplasm • The “soup” in which all other organelles reside. A gelatin like mixture. Animal Cell Plant Cell

Cell Shape and Movement • Movement is given to the cell by: – Cilia – Flagella Animal Cell Plant Cell

Manufacturing Molecules • The cell constantly needs to make molecules for growth and repair. • Organelles that manufacture molecules. – Nucleus – Ribosomes – Endoplasmic Reticulum

The Nucleus • The largest organelle inside eukaryotes • Directs all cellular activities and CONTAINS DNA. • DNA carries the recipe for making proteins, lipids, and carbs (the basic components of all life) Animal Cell Plant Cell

Ribosomes • Structures that make proteins. Amino acids coming together to make PROTEINS

Endoplasmic Reticulum • Allows for production and transport of cellular materials. • Can be smooth or rough – Rough ER has ribosomes!

Processing Energy • All organisms need energy. Organelles that help in energy processing are: – Chloroplasts (plants only) – Mitochondria CHLOROPLAST makes sugar through PHOTOSYNTEHSIS MITOCHONDRIA makes energy from sugar through RESPIRATION

Processing, Transporting, and Storing Molecules • When the cells makes materials for growth and repair, the materials need to be shipped, stored, or processed. Think of UPS. – Golgi Body – like UPS – Vesicles - transport – Vacuoles – storage – Lysosome - digestion PLANT CELLS HAVE BIG VACUOLES!

endoplasmic reticulum nucleus DNA RNA protein on its way! vesicle TO: vesicle ribosomes TO: protein Making Proteins finished protein Golgi apparatus