Cell Structure Function http koning ecsu ctstateu educell
- Slides: 26
Cell Structure & Function http: //koning. ecsu. ctstateu. edu/cell. html
Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 3. All cells come from preexisting or other cells through cell division.
Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell
Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic 2. Eukaryotic Can you see what the difference between them is? http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/cell_main. html
Prokaryotic • DNA is not in a nucleus, it sort of floats around the cell. No organelles contain membranes. • Few internal structures. No mitochondria, no chloroplasts, no nucleus • One-celled organisms, Example: Bacteria, virus, amoebas http: //library. thinkquest. org/C 004535/prokaryotic_cells. html
Examples of Cells that Move Bacteria Cells Notice the bacteria and paramecium have cilium & flagella. Flagella is the tail-like structure and cilia are the hair-like structures. Both help the cell with locomotion or movement of the cell. http: //library. thinkquest. org/C 004535/prokaryotic_cells. html
Eukaryotic Cells 1. Contain organelles surrounded by membranes 2. Have a true nucleus 3. Make up most living things. Plant http: //library. thinkquest. org/C 004535/eukaryotic_cells. html Animal
Animal and Plant Cells What’s the difference? 1. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, but they both have a cell membrane. 2. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and larger vacuoles 3. Animal cells are found in humans, animals, insects, etc…
Cell Parts. . . are called Organelles They are very small in size They perform all the functions of the cell. Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm of the cell.
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane • Flexible outer membrane of the animal cell and found under the cell wall in plants. • Membrane controls movement in and out of the cell • Must move oxygen, wastes, water, and nutrients in and out of the cell. http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/cell_main. html
Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Found to be more tough and rigid than the cell membrane • Supports & protects cells • Cell wall allows nutrients and water through the holes in the wall which are called plasmodesmata. http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/cell_main. html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material – DNA on chromosomes • Inside the nucleolus is RNA and protein, not much DNA at all. • Typically the largest organelle in the cell. When chromosomes are bundled together they are called chromatin. http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/cell_main. html
Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus • Only found in cells with a nucleus. (Eukaryotic) http: //library. thinkquest. org/12413/structures. html
Chromosomes • Inside nucleus • Made of DNA • DNA contains instructions for traits & characteristics • DNA is made up of 4 nitrogen bases: http: //library. thinkquest. org/12413/structures. html 1. Adenine 2. Guanine 3. Cytosine 4. Thymine
Nucleolus • What’s inside the nucleolus. • Appears tightly bundled within the nucleus • Contains DNA & RNA. • RNA is used to build proteins that will carry out many functions of the cell. http: //library. thinkquest. org/12413/structures. html
Cytoplasm • Thick gel-like mixture that fills the cell (light blue below) • Surrounded by cell membrane • 80% water that is clear – fills the cell
Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Like the digestive system of the cell. http: //library. thinkquest. org/12413/structures. html
Vacuoles • Sac with a membrane used for storage of food, water, and waste products. • Vacuoles contain water solution • Vacuoles are much larger in plant cells than animal cells. • A drooping plant would indicate empty vacuoles, but a full plant shows the vacuoles are full of water. http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/cell_main. html
Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells, not in animal cells – photosynthesis takes place here. • Contains green fluid called chlorophyll • Chlorophyll uses the sun’s energy to combine Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) & Water (H 2 O) to create sugars. The plant releases the O 2 created and uses the sugar to grow. http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/cell_main. html http: //hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/biology/chloroplast. html
Endoplasmic Reticulum • Also called ER • Looks like a maze • Main function: helps make proteins and other substances • Works with Ribsomes • Usually found around the nucleus
Ribosomes • Look like dots • Main job: make proteins needed by the cell • Is helped by the ER • Can be found attached to the ER or floating in the cell
Golgi Apparatus • Also called Golgi Bodies • Flattened sacs and tubes • Is like a warehouse • Main job: packages and sends out proteins to other organelles or to other cells
Lysosomes • Sac like structures • They are like recycling centers • Main job: break down old cell parts. Break down large food particles into smaller ones
- Ecsu eweb
- Banner ecsu
- Eweb ecsu
- Schaakbord vakjes
- Cfidf
- Reun vroulik
- Giovanna koning
- Koning abraha
- Poolse koning 1704
- Arjan koning
- De rechtmatige koning van alba longa heet
- Verkleinwoord van dag
- Koning en koningin
- Geert de koning
- Hans peter de koning
- What is the function of cell wall in plant cell
- What is part 2
- Lesson 3 cell structure and function answer key
- Cell organelles graphic organizer
- Cytoplasm function
- Cell
- Biology chapter 7 cell structure and function
- Chapter 7 cell structure and function section review 7-2
- Parts of a cell graphic organizer
- Chapter 5 cell structure and function
- Cell structure and function
- Unit 5 cell structure and function answer key