Cell Structure Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer Objective To

Cell Structure: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer Objective: To determine the structure and function of cell organelles. © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Cell Theory tells us… 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 3. Cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. © Getting Nerdy, LLC

What is a Cell? A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions – i. e. has all of the characteristics of living things. Notice how the shape of the cell determines what its function is… Egg or Ovum Sperm Cell Smooth Muscle Cell Red Blood Cell Neuron Osteocyte or Bone Cell White Blood Cell Connective Tissue Cell Intestinal Cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC Epithelial Cell from Cheek

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Nerve Cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC Elodea Leaf Cell Red Blood Cell

Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells • • No Nucleus Simple, unicellular organisms No membrane-bound organelles Bacteria ONLY! BACTERIA CELL © Getting Nerdy, LLC

PLANT CELL Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells • Has a nucleus • Plant and animal cells • Complex organisms - most living things • Can be unicellular or multicellular • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes ANIMAL CELL © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Make your own analogy! For each organelle on the following slides, HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE the BOLD-FACED WORDS - they’re important! Then, think of a picture analogy that will help you to remember the organelle and what it does! You will draw this in the last column of your organizer. The first one is already done for you! © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Cell Membrane All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Cell Membrane Structure: What if this organelle • Located on outside of cell. were missing from the • Made of phospholipid bilayer: cell? phosphates and NO ENTRY! (fats) could go in • lipids Materials and out unfiltered • Cell would lack Function: • structure Determines what goes in/out of cell • Protects and supports cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC

CELL MEMBRANE: The PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER is semi-permeable, meaning it allows some materials to pass through freely, while other materials cannot. © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Cytoplasm All Prokaryotic & Cytoplasm Eukaryotic cells What if this organelle Structure: were missing from the Jelly-like material found inside cell? cell membrane • Organelles would have no protection Function: • Nutrients could not Supports and protects cell’s diffuse through organelles. Containscellsome nutrients for cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC mmm…jelly doughnut!

Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA ONLY in Eukaryotic cells (Prokaryotes have Free-floating DNA not bound by a nucleus) Structure: Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA and… ACTION! • Has a nuclear membrane to allow What if this organelle were materials in and out missing frommaterial the cell? • Contains genetic – DNA (chromosomes) which contain • Cell could not function instructions for traits • No direction for organelles • Contains dark central ball called the nucleolus (makes ribosomes) Function: Directs cell activities © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Ribosome All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Ribosome Structure: if this aorganelle • What Not bound by membrane missing from the • were Each cell contains thousands (little BLACKcell? dots in the pictures to right) • the Cells would not have • Found on building endoplasmic blocks to reticulum & freely floating create organelles, etc. throughout cell Function: Makes protein © Getting Nerdy, LLC dirty gerdy smelly mellie gnllc ORDER UP!

Mitochondria All Eukaryotic Cells Structure: What if this organelle Rod shaped and found were missing throughout cell from the cell? Function: I’ve got the POWER! © Getting Nerdy, LLC • Cells would not be able • “Powerhouse” of cell to create energy to • Produces energy from perform functions sugar through chemical reactions Respiration) (Cellular

Chloroplast Eukaryotic Plant cells Chloroplast ONLY What if this organelle Structure: were missing from the • Found in plant cells cell? • Contains green chlorophyll • Plants would not be Function: able to make food Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make sugar for plant © Getting Nerdy, LLC I’m Sweet!

Golgi Bodies (aka Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex) All Eukaryotic Cells Golgi Bodies Structure: What if this organelle Made of 5 -8 sacs were missing from the Function: cell? • Processes and packages • Cell would not proteins & lipidsbe able package or transport • to. Move materials within Pack it up, Move materials efficiently the cell and out of the it out! cell in small sac called “vesicle” © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Endoplasmic Reticulum All Eukaryotic cells What if this organelle were missing from the Structure: cell? • Series of tubes and sacs – Smooth: without ribosomes • Some ribosomes would – Rough: ribosomes not havewith a home • Proteins would not Function: have a systembreaks of Transports proteins and transport down drugs in the cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC All Aboard!

Lysosome All Eukaryotic Cells Lysosome Structure: What if this organelle Vesicle built by the Golgi were bodiesmissing from the cell? Function: • • Cells would notorbe able Digests excess worn toout organelles, break fooddown materials particles, and engulfed Break it DOWN! © Getting Nerdy, LLC viruses or bacteria. • “Disposal” of the cell

Vacuole All Eukaryotic cells Vacuole Structure: What if this organelle • were LARGEmissing in plant cells, small from thein animal cells. cell? • Contains water & nutrients • Cell would not have a storage area for water, Function: food, etc. • • Help Plantplants maintain shape cells would lose • Storage, shape digestion, & waste removal © Getting Nerdy, LLC Let’s go for a dip!

Cell Wall All Prokaryotic Cells & Eukaryotic PLANT Cells What if this organelle ONLY were missing from the Structure: cell? plant cells & • Found Plantonly andinbacteria cells would lack support and protection Function: Need some support? © Getting Nerdy, LLC Supports & protects cells

In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Only in Eukaryotes: Let’s Compare… Chloroplast Mitochondria Cell Wall – Bacteria and Plants Genetic Material - DNA Ribosome Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Golgi Bodies Vacuole Endoplasmic Lysosome Reticulum © Getting Nerdy, LLC

How many can you remember? Lysosome DNANucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear Membrane Ribosome Mitochondria Vacuole Cell Membrane © Getting Nerdy, LLC Golgi Bodies Cytoplasm

Levels of Cellular Organization

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION -Cells work together to form tissues Cardiac cells Bone cells Muscle tissue epithelial tissue Cardiac organ Bone

Cell Comparison: Bacteria, Plant & Animal Cells Objective: To identify the locations of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell organelles. Bell work: Why is the location of the nucleus important to the function of the cell? Because the nucleus is responsible for controlling all of the cell’s activities and a central location ensures that all organelles will receive messages in a timely manner. © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Location, Location… Why are the organelle locations important? Think about their jobs and let’s discuss… • • Where is the nucleus? What does it do? Where is the nucleolus? What is it’s job? Where are the ribosomes? Why are they important? What about the Endoplasmic Reticulum? What does it transport? © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Location, Location… The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is located in the center because of the need to send messages via proteins and other chemicals at the same rate to all other organelles within the cell. If it were located at the edge of the cell, organelles at the opposite edge would not receive messages as quickly as those located near the nucleus itself. © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Location, Location… The nucleolus inside the nucleus makes ribosomes. Those ribosomes are then sent out of the nucleus through the pores in the nuclear membrane where they may be free floating throughout the cell or attach themselves to the E. R. Because the ribosomes make proteins, it makes sense that they are attached to the E. R. which transports proteins to other parts of the cell. And because the nucleolus makes ribosomes, it makes sense that the E. R. is located around the nucleus, to receive the ribosomes as they exit through the nuclear membrane. Location is IMPORTANT! © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Cell Comparison: Bacteria, Plant & Animal Cells You wouldn’t know it by looking at them, but Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have a lot in common! Bacteria, plants and animals share a lot of the same organelles. This activity will help you to see the similarities and differences between the basic cell structures. Be sure to follow the directions for coloring in order to make those connections between the cells. © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Create Your Cells: What You Do: First, a moment to identify above, the organelles present each cell. page For Now, take using the information color the cellsinon your each organelle is present, colortable the box in the column the designated following the that color key in the above. Be careful and pay color for that organelle. Remember, someprovided cells share same attention to the number identification forthe you for organelles, each cell. so you may have check one for each type below onelse the Remember, if youa color item cell a certain color, depending everything organelle. Check Your Work… that looks like that item should also be that color as well. Organelle 1. Cell membrane Color Purple 2. Cytoplasm White 3. DNA (Eukaryotic: includes Nucleus. Nucleolus, nuclear membrane; Prokaryotic: circular DNA) 4. Ribosome 5. Mitochondria 6. Vacuole 7. Golgi Body 8. Endoplasmic Reticulum 9. Lysosome Orange Black (already colored) Red Animal X X X (No Nucleus ) (Has a Nucleus ) X X X X X Light Blue Yellow Dark Blue Pink 10. Chloroplast Dark Green 11. Cell Wall Light Green © Getting Nerdy, LLC Bacteria Present in the cell? Plant X X