Cell Structure Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer Objective To

Cell Structure: Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer Objective: To determine the structure and function of cell organelles. Bell work: List in order the levels of organization and provide an example of each. Cell-tissue-organ system-organism © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Cell Theory tells us… 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 3. Cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. © Getting Nerdy, LLC

What is a Cell? A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions – i. e. has all of the characteristics of living things. Notice how the shape of the cell determines what its function is… Egg or Ovum Sperm Cell Smooth Muscle Cell Red Blood Cell Neuron Osteocyte or Bone Cell White Blood Cell Connective Tissue Cell Intestinal Cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC Epithelial Cell from Cheek

Examples of Cells Elodea Leaf Cell Amoeba Proteus Nerve Cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC Red Blood Cell

Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells • Simple, unicellular organisms • Do not have membrane-bound organelles • Bacteria ONLY! • Includes Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria • We like to say “PRO? ” “NO!”… meaning NO nucleus, NO organelles © Getting Nerdy, LLC BACTERIA CELL

PLANT CELL Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells • Complex organisms - most living things • Can be unicellular or multicellular • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • For this, We like to say “EU (YOU)? ” “TRUE!”… meaning TRUE nucleus, TRUE organelles ANIMAL CELL © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Make your own analogy! For each organelle on the following slides, HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE the BOLD-FACED WORDS - they’re important! Then, think of a picture analogy that will help you to remember the organelle and what it does! You will draw this in the last column of your organizer. The first one is already done for you! © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Cell Membrane All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Cell Membrane Structure: • What Locatedifon outside of cell. this organelle • were Made missing of phospholipid from the bilayer: phosphates and lipids (fats)cell? NO ENTRY! • Materials could go in and out unfiltered Function: • • Determines Cell would lack what goes in/out of cell structure • Protects and supports cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC

CELL MEMBRANE: The PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER is semi-permeable, meaning it allows some materials to pass through freely, while other materials cannot. © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Cytoplasm All Prokaryotic & Cytoplasm Eukaryotic cells What if this organelle Structure: were missing frominside the Jelly-like material found cell? cell membrane • Organelles would have no protection Function: • Nutrients could not Supports and protects cell’s diffuse through organelles. Containscellsome nutrients for cell © Getting Nerdy, LLC mmm…jelly doughnut!

Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA ONLY in Eukaryotic cells (Prokaryotes have Free-floating DNA not bound by a nucleus) Structure: Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA and… ACTION! • Has a nuclear membrane to allow materials and organelle out What ifinthis were • Contains genetic – DNA missing frommaterial the cell? (chromosomes) which contain • instructions Cell could not function for traits dark central ball called the • • Contains No direction for organelles nucleolus (makes ribosomes) Function: Directs cell activities © Getting Nerdy, LLC

Ribosome All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Ribosome Structure: if this • What Not bound by a organelle membrane missing the • were Each cell containsfrom thousands cell? (little BLACK dots in the pictures to the right) • Cells would not have • Found on endoplasmic building& freely blocks reticulum floatingto create organelles, etc. throughout cell Function: Makes protein © Getting Nerdy, LLC ORDER UP!

Mitochondria All Eukaryotic Cells Structure: What if this organelle Rod shaped and found were missing throughout cell from the cell? Function: I’ve got the POWER! © Getting Nerdy, LLC • • Cells would not “Powerhouse” of be cellable createenergy • to Produces fromto perform functions sugar through chemical reactions Respiration) (Cellular

Chloroplast Eukaryotic Plant cells Chloroplast ONLY What if this organelle Structure: from the • were Found missing in plant cells cell? • Contains green chlorophyll • Plants would not be Function: able to make food Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make sugar for plant © Getting Nerdy, LLC I’m Sweet!

Golgi Bodies (aka Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex) All Eukaryotic Cells Golgi Bodies Structure: What if this organelle Made of 5 -8 sacs were missing from the Function: cell? • Processes and packages • Cell would not be able proteins & lipids to package or transport • Move materials within Pack it up, Move materials efficiently the cell and out of the it out! © Getting Nerdy, LLC cell in small sac called “vesicle”

Endoplasmic Reticulum All Eukaryotic cells What if this organelle were missing from the Structure: cell? • Series of tubes and sacs • Smooth: without ribosomes • Some ribosomes would • Rough: with not have a ribosomes home Function: • Proteins would not have proteins a system of Transports and breaks down drugs in the cell transport © Getting Nerdy, LLC All Aboard!

Lysosome All Eukaryotic Cells Structure: What if this organelle Vesicle built by the Golgi were missing from the bodies cell? • Function: Cells would not be able • to Digestsbreak excess or worn down out organelles, food materials Break it DOWN! © Getting Nerdy, LLC particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. • “Disposal” of the cell

Vacuole All Vacuole Eukaryotic cells Structure: What if this organelle • were LARGEmissing in plant cells, small in from the animal cells. cell? • Contains water & nutrients • Cell would not have a Function: storage area for water, • Help plants food, etc. maintain shape • • Storage, digestion, & waste Plant cells would lose removal shape © Getting Nerdy, LLC Let’s go for a dip!

Cell Wall All Prokaryotic Cells & Eukaryotic PLANT Cells What if this organelle ONLY were missing from the Structure: cell? Found only in plant cells & • bacteria Plant and cellsbacteria cells Need some support? © Getting Nerdy, LLC would lack support and Function: protection Supports & protects cells

In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Let’s Compare… Only in Eukaryotes: Chloroplast Mitochondria Cell Wall – Bacteria and Plants Genetic Material - DNA Ribosome Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Golgi Bodies Vacuole Endoplasmic Lysosome Reticulum © Getting Nerdy, LLC

How many can you remember? Lysosome DNANucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear Membrane Ribosome Mitochondria Vacuole Cell Membrane © Getting Nerdy, LLC Golgi Bodies Cytoplasm

For Homework Tonight: Write the following directions in your agenda: Pick your favorite organelle from our lesson today, and create a short comic strip of that organelle as a superhero or comic book character performing it’s job. Your comic should be at least 5 panels. Creativity, coloring, and the job it performs will all be factors in your grade! © Getting Nerdy, LLC