Cell Structure and Function UPCO Chapter 5 Organelles

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Cell Structure and Function: UPCO Chapter 5:

Cell Structure and Function: UPCO Chapter 5:

Organelles • There are many small structures located inside the cell • Organelle means

Organelles • There are many small structures located inside the cell • Organelle means “little organ” • Each organelle has a specific function • These functions keep the cell alive • Some organelles are found only in plant cells – Chloroplasts – Large central vacuole – Cell wall • Some organelles are found in only animal cells – Centrioles – Lysosomes ( most of the time are found in only animal cells) • Most organelles are found in both

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 on page 65 in your UPCO

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 on page 65 in your UPCO book.

Cell Membrane • Double layered structure (phospholipid bi-layer) • Surrounds the cell • Acts

Cell Membrane • Double layered structure (phospholipid bi-layer) • Surrounds the cell • Acts as a barrier and protects (like your skin) • Regulates materials entering or leaving the cell • It is semi-permeable (selective) • Model that represents the c. m. is called the “Fluid Mosaic Model”

Role of the C. M. • Allows for the passage of materials • Small

Role of the C. M. • Allows for the passage of materials • Small molecules move thru by the process of passive transport – NO ENERGY – Small molecules (CO 2, H 2 O, O 2) – Involves DIFFUSION (particles moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration) • The difference in concentration between 2 areas is called the concentration gradient • When the particles become evenly distributed in the space we say it has reached equilibrium • The diffusion of water thru a membrane is called osmosis • Active transport occurs when a particle that is too large needs to pass thru the membrane. THIS REQUIRES ENERGY! – Pinocytosis- large dissolved molecules taken inside the cell – phagocytosis- cell surrounds and engulfs large undissolved particles

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 at the top of page 67

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 at the top of page 67 in your UPCO book.

Cytoplasm • The jelly-like substance that contains the organelles • Made up of 2

Cytoplasm • The jelly-like substance that contains the organelles • Made up of 2 phases: – Watery (sol) – Thicker (gel) • Found between the c. m. and the nucleus • Most of the life processes of the cell take place here

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -3 at the bottom of page 67

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -3 at the bottom of page 67 in your UPCO book.

Nucleus • Large round structure • Found usually in the center of the cell

Nucleus • Large round structure • Found usually in the center of the cell • Controls and coordinates all activities of the cell • Surrounded by a nuclear membrane – Protects the nucleus – Allows for passage of materials • RNA • Ribosomes – Has a nucleolus • Makes ribosomes • Contains DNA (genetic material)

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -3 at the top of page 68

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -3 at the top of page 68 in your UPCO book.

Chromosomes • Long thread-like structures located in the nucleus • Contain hereditary information organized

Chromosomes • Long thread-like structures located in the nucleus • Contain hereditary information organized as genes • Genes are hereditary units made up of DNA • The units control cell activities and may be passed on to the next generation

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 in the middle of page 68

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 in the middle of page 68 in your UPCO book.

Mitochondria • Involved in Cellular Respiration • Called “the powerhouse of the cell” •

Mitochondria • Involved in Cellular Respiration • Called “the powerhouse of the cell” • Here is where the energy is released in the cell • Without this constant supply of energy the cell would die • Both animal and plant cells have mitochondria • There are 2 types of respiration: – Aerobic- requires O 2 (releases more energy) – Anaerobic (fermentation)- no O 2 (release less energy) • Sugar + Oxygen ______>Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -8 on the bottom of page 69

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -8 on the bottom of page 69 in your UPCO book.

Endoplasmic Reticulum • A system of channels throughout the cell (transport) • Extends from

Endoplasmic Reticulum • A system of channels throughout the cell (transport) • Extends from the nuclear membrane to the c. m. • Chemical reactions take place on the membrane • Rough ER has ribosomes • Smooth ER has no ribosomes • Cells making proteins have lots of mitochondria (muscle cells)

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 at the top of page 70

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 at the top of page 70 in your UPCO book.

Ribosomes • Make (synthesize) proteins • Can be attached to the ER or free

Ribosomes • Make (synthesize) proteins • Can be attached to the ER or free in the cytoplasm • Made up of 2 subunits

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 in the middle of page 70

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1, 2 in the middle of page 70 in your UPCO book.

Golgi Complex • Look like stacks of pancakes • They are membrane bound channels

Golgi Complex • Look like stacks of pancakes • They are membrane bound channels • “UPS” of the cell • Package, synthesize (make), and secrete cell products

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 at the bottom of page 70 in

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 at the bottom of page 70 in your UPCO book.

Vacuoles Storage containers Sac-like structures Located in the cytoplasm Bigger in plant cells (large

Vacuoles Storage containers Sac-like structures Located in the cytoplasm Bigger in plant cells (large central vacuole) • Smaller vacuoles can be called vesicles • Can be used to pump out excess water (contractile vacuole) • •

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 on the top of page 71 in

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 on the top of page 71 in your UPCO book.

Lysosomes • Membrane bound sacs • Contain digestive enzymes • Involved in digestion of

Lysosomes • Membrane bound sacs • Contain digestive enzymes • Involved in digestion of food in unicellular animals • Destroy old and damaged cell parts or damaged cells in multicellular animals • Are mostly found in animal cells • Sometimes called “suicide sacs”

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 in the middle of page 71 in

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 in the middle of page 71 in your UPCO book.

Chloroplasts • • • Found only in plant cells Are filled with chlorophyll (makes

Chloroplasts • • • Found only in plant cells Are filled with chlorophyll (makes the plants green) Site of photosynthesis Involved in the manufacture of food (glucose) Inside the chloroplasts are stacked disks called Grana. – Traps light energy from the sun – Holds chlorophyll • Spaces inside the chloroplast are filled with a fluid called stroma • Photosynthesis is a series of complex chemical reactions that use light as an energy source • Photosynthesis provides food for green plants and algae • CO 2 + H 2 O + SUNLIGHT----- C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 + H 2 O

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -7 at the top of page 72

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -7 at the top of page 72 in your UPCO book.

Centrioles • Are found mainly in animal cells • Function during cell division •

Centrioles • Are found mainly in animal cells • Function during cell division • Make spindle fibers • Found in paired cylinder-like units

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 at the bottom of page 72 in

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 at the bottom of page 72 in your UPCO book.

Cell Wall • • • Found only in plant cells Stiff outer layer of

Cell Wall • • • Found only in plant cells Stiff outer layer of the plant cell Protects and supports Made of cellulose Gives the plant its shape Limits the plants growth

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1, 2 at the top of page 73

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1, 2 at the top of page 73 in your UPCO book.

Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells

Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells

Cell Comparison Facts, or…… which has what? Plant Cells contain: – – – Cell

Cell Comparison Facts, or…… which has what? Plant Cells contain: – – – Cell wall Chloroplasts Large central vacuole C. M. ER Nucleus chromosomes Ribosomes Mitochondria Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus lysosomes Animal Cells contain: – – – Centrioles Small vacuoles C. M. ER Nucleus chromosomes Ribosomes Mitochondria Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 at the bottom of page 73, and

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 at the bottom of page 73, and # 2, 3 at the top of page 74 in your UPCO book.

Cell Specialization • Certain cells in multicellular organisms do specific functions or jobs. –

Cell Specialization • Certain cells in multicellular organisms do specific functions or jobs. – Red Blood Cells- carry oxygen to cells of the body – Muscle cells- aid in movement – Nerve cells- carry impulses ( messages) throughout an organism – Xylem and phloem cells (plant)transport materials throughout the plant

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 at the bottom of page 74 in

Do Now 1. Answer question # 1 at the bottom of page 74 in your UPCO book.

Cell Organization • Cells are grouped together to make units • These specialized units

Cell Organization • Cells are grouped together to make units • These specialized units perform specific functions

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -4 at the bottom of page 75

Do Now 1. Answer questions # 1 -4 at the bottom of page 75 in your UPCO book.

Do Now 1. Read Career Opportunities on page 76 in your UPCO book. 2.

Do Now 1. Read Career Opportunities on page 76 in your UPCO book. 2. Answer question # 1 on page 76

Do Now 1. Define the terms on pages 79, 80 in your UPCO book.

Do Now 1. Define the terms on pages 79, 80 in your UPCO book. 2. Complete the chart on page 81 in your UPCO book. 3. Do the Chapter Quiz on pages 83, 84 in your UPCO book. Make sure to answer the essay question at the bottom of page 84. 4. There will be a quiz/exam tomorrow on Chapter 5.