Cell Structure and Function Cells vary in size

Cell Structure and Function • Cells vary in size. Longest cell – nerve cells • Cells vary in shape. Shape is often related to function. Blood cells are smooth, round, and flow easily through the blood vessels

2 Cell Types Prokaryote Eukaryote No nucleus No membrane bound organelles Membrane bound organelles Simple Complex Contains: cell wall, cell membrane, and ribosomes, Contains: nucleus and organelles Bacteria only Plants/animals/fungus

Draw this table on your next entry page Structure Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane) Cell Wall Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoplasm Vacoule Mitochondrion Chloroplast Function

Organelle Structure and Function Plasma membrane (cell membrane) Surrounds cell maintains homeostasis selectively permeable (controls what enter and leaves the cell)

Cell Wall Rigid Structure Surrounds cell membrane Provides support Ex. Plants, Fungi, some protist and bacteria

Nucleus Nuclear membrane Nucleolus Chromatin • Nucleus – control center (contains chromatin) • Chromatin – Tangles of DNA • Nucleolus – located in the center of the nucleus, produces ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Found on the Ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm Site of protein synthesis Cytoplasm • Liquid between the nucleus and cell membrane • Suspends organelles • A place for chemical reactions and transport

Endoplasmic Reticulum • Folded membrane (increased surface area) • Assembly and transport of proteins and lipids • Rough ER has attached ribosomes

Vacuole • Storage of food, water, and waste • Larger in plant cells – usually contains water

Mitochondrion • Produces Energy (ATP) for the cell • Inner folded membrane increases surface area

Chloroplast • Photosynthesis • Contains chlorophyll (green pigment) • Light energy + CO 2 + H 2 O glucose + O 2

3 differences between plant and animal cells • Plant cell has cell wall • Plant cell has chloroplast • Plant cell has a larger vacuole