Cell Structure and Function Cells Smallest living unit
- Slides: 25
Cell Structure and Function
Cells • Smallest living unit • Most are microscopic
Discovery of Cells • Robert Hooke (mid-1600 s)
Principles of Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • The Cell is a basic unit of life • All cells arise from preexisting cells
Cells Have Large Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
Cell Types • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells • First cell type on earth • Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea • No membrane bound nucleus
Eukaryotic Cells • Nucleus bound by membrane • Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells • Possess many organelles Protozoan
Representative Animal Cell
Representative Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane • Structure: – Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates – Thin, flexible barrier – Selectively Permeable • Functions – Separates cell from surroundings – Regulates molecules into/out of cell (food, water, wastes, etc. ) Found in all cells
Cell Wall • Structure: – Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) and proteins – Rigid wall outside of cell membrane • Function: – Support and protect – Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other substances to pass through * Found only in plant, fungi, and algae cells, NOT in animals
Cytoplasm • Viscous fluid containing organelles • components of cytoplasm – Fluid = cytosol – Organelles (not nucleus) – storage substances Found in plant and animal cells
• Function: Nucleus – Stores DNA (chromatin), hereditary info for cell – Controls cell activities • Components: – Nuclear Envelope: bilayer lipid membrane that surrounds nucleus and has pores or holes to allow materials to move in/out of nucleus – Nucleolus: Small dense region that makes ribosomes Found in plant and animal cells
Ribosomes – Most numerous cell part • Structure: – Made of RNA and protein • Function: – Synthesis of Proteins (make proteins) Found in plant and animal cells
Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Structure: – Internal membrane system – Stacks of flattened sacs • Rough: has ribosomes- gives a bumpy appearance • Smooth: no ribosomes- looks smooth
Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (cont. ) • Function: – Intracellular highway—moves molecules around the cell • Rough: chemically changes proteins made by ribosomes, sends proteins to Golgi for export • Smooth: synthesizes lipids and cell membrane parts, detox Found in plant and animal cells
Golgi Apparatus • Structure: – Stacks of flattened membranes • Function: – Processing, packaging, and secreting proteins – Attach carbs and lipids to proteins – Send proteins to their final destinations Found in plant and animal cells
Lysosome • Structure: – Small sac which contains hydrolytic enzymes – Not in plants • Functions: – Digest proteins, carbs, and lipids, DNA or RNA in cell – Removes debris: digests old organelle or viruses and bacteria
Vacuole • Structure: – Large sac filled with enzymes, water, and wastes – In plants: VERY large – takes up most of cell – In animals: small – store extra materials • Function: – Storage • Vesicles: small vacuoles involved in transporting substances within cells
Chloroplast • Structure: – Saclike structure that contains chlorophyll (a green pigment) • Function: – Photosynthesis: Changes sunlight energy to sugar • Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria • NOT found in animals
Mitochondria • Structure: – Has 2 membranes • Function: – “Cellular Respiration: releases energy from food molecules to power cell (growth, movement, development, etc. ) Found in plant and animal cells
Centrioles • Structure: A pair of small organelles made of microtubuless • Function: Help in the formation of the spindle fibers used in cell division Only found in animal cells
- What is the smallest living unit
- The smallest unit of life is _______.
- Cells are the smallest unit of life
- A cell is the smallest unit of
- What is the smallest living unit in the body
- The smallest living unit is a
- What is the smallest living unit in the body
- What is the smallest living unit
- Smallest living unit
- What is the smallest unit of a living organism
- What is the smallest unit of living organisms
- Unit 5 cell structure and function answer key
- Groups of cells with a common structure and function.
- Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to:
- A cell is a living unit greater than the sum of its parts
- Capsule flagella pili nucleoid desmosome
- Microfilament function
- The cell is the smallest
- Olfactory groove keros classification
- Red blood cells and white blood cells difference
- Animal cell plant cell venn diagram
- Masses of cells form and steal nutrients from healthy cells
- What is the function of a cell
- Venn diagram of living and non living things
- What is part 2