Cell Structure And Function Cell the smallest unit
- Slides: 52
Cell Structure And Function
Cell: the smallest unit of life
Discovery of Cells • 1665 - Robert Hooke was the first to identify and name cells. • 1674 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek made better lenses and observed cells in greater detail. • 1838 - Mathias Schleiden noted that plants are made of cells • 1839 - Theodor Schwann concluded that all living things are made of cells • 1855 - Rudolf Virchow proposed that all cells come from other cells
Cell Theory • All organisms are made of cells • All existing cells are produced by other living cells. • The cell is the most basic unit of life.
Prokaryotic cells • Simple cells • No nucleus • Ex: bacteria Staphylococcus aureus
Prokaryotic Cell
E Coli Bacteria Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells • More complex • Have a true nucleus • Make up all living cells other than bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell
Fingernail Nerve Cell Nerve cell Hair Cell White and Red Blood Cells
Similarities and differences between the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Cell size 1 -10 micrometers 10 -100 micrometers Cell membrane? Yes Membrane-bound organelles? No Yes Have nucleus? No Yes Have cytoplasm? Yes Have DNA Yes, in cytoplasm Yes, in nucleus Examples Bacteria Fungi, plants, animals
Cell Movement Cells use three different methods to move themselves or debris
Flagella: long hairlike filaments used by some prokaryotes to move
Flagellum
Cilia: short hairlike projections that some cells use for movement
Pseudopod: false foot
Picture Quiz • Identify the cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Eukaryotic- Mushroom Cell
Eukaryotic- Red blood cells
Prokaryotic- Lactobacilli bacteria
Eukaryotic- fish egg cell
Prokaryotic- MRSA
Prokaryotic- Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria
Eukaryotic- Fern leaf cell
Eukaryotic- taste bud cell
Eukaryotic- Osteocyte (bone cell)
Eukaryotic- cartilage cells
Cell Organelles • Specialized cell parts that carry out many different processes and functions.
Cell membrane • Barrier around the cell that controls what goes in and out • Security Guard
Nucleus • Controls most of the cell’s processes • Stores DNA • Control center or ‘brain’ Nuclear Membrane • Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell
Nucleolus • Darker portion inside the nucleus that produces ribosomes
Cytoplasm (cytosol) • Jelly-like fluid inside the cell where metabolic processes occur
Ribosome • Small organelles that float in the cytoplasm or on the ER that build proteins • Cell workers
Endoplasmic Reticulum • Produces and transports materials such as proteins • Assembly line
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body) • Packages and distributes proteins and lipids • Shipping and handling department
Lysosome • Stores enzymes and removes worn-out organelles. Mainly in animal cells. • Waste disposal unit
Mitochondria • Provides energy for the cell • Powerhouse or powerplant
Cytoskeleton • Thin protein fibers that helps keep the cell’s shape
Centrioles • Only found in animal cells that are important for cell division
Cell wall • Found only in plant and fungus cells. • Provides extra shape, support and protection.
Chloroplast • Found only in plant cell. They contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis
Vacuole • Stores water, salts, and wastes. Plants have larger ones • Storage unit
Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cells Animal Cells Have a Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and Endoplasmic Reticulum? YES Have a Cell Wall? YES NO Have Lysosomes? NO (rarely) YES Have Vacuoles? YES None or Small Have Chloroplasts? YES NO
Cellular Differentiation • 250 different kinds of cells in the human body • Through cellular differentiation, different types of cells are created to carry out specific tasks or functions. • In animals the “starter” cells that differentiate are called stem cells • In plants those cells are called meristematic cells
Cellular Organization Cells Tissues Organ Systems Organisms
Image References • • • • • • • http: //tissupath. com. au/medical-student-subjects-skin/ http: //www. acceleratedstudynotes. com/ib/biology-ib/ib-biology-eukaryotic-cells/ http: //www. phschool. com/science/biology_place/biocoach/plants/tissue. html http: //michelleburden. weebly. com/levels-of-organization. html http: //www. interactive-biology. com/3956/anatomy-of-the-plant-cell-vs-a-human-cell/ http: //www. recredible. com/view/biology/77 http: //bms. westfordk 12. us/pages/teams/7 green/cells/grouph/Hcellwall. html http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/centriole-function. html https: //twitter. com/cytoskeleton 69 http: //micro. magnet. fsu. edu/cells/mitochondria. html http: //bio 1151. nicerweb. com/Locked/media/ch 06/Golgi. html http: //genius. com/2607907/Biology-genius-cell-organelles/Endoplasmic-reticulum http: //thecellorganelles. weebly. com/rough--smooth-endoplasmic-reticulum. html http: //www. sciencephoto. com/media/316287/view http: //www. kbalab. com/portfolio/outer-hair-cell/ http: //webpages. shepherd. edu/blidgerd/course_descriptions. htm https: //www. boundless. com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/prokaryotic-cells 59/characteristics-of-prokaryotic-cells-312 -11445/ http: //www. extension. org/pages/28432/staphylococcus-aureus#. Vb 5 UOk. L 5 NUQ https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Escherichia_coli https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Enterococcus_faecalis_SEM_01. png https: //www. reddit. com/r/Real. Microscopic. Life http: //biologos. org/blog/bacterial-flagellum-appearances-can-be-deceiving http: //www. turbosquid. com/Search/Index. cfm? keyword=flagella http: //www. sciencefriday. com/segment/07/22/2011/video-pick-engineering-artificial-cilia. html http: //bio 1151. nicerweb. com/Locked/media/ch 28/amoeba. html
• • • http: //www. deviantart. com/art/Organelle-Illustrations-260886159 https: //www. studyblue. com/notes/note/n/test-2/deck/6315023 http: //iws. collin. edu/biopage/faculty/mcculloch/1406/outlines/chapter%207/chap 07. htm http: //www 2. estrellamountain. edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/biobookcell 2. html http: //www. enchantedlearning. com/subjects/animals/cell/
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