Cell Structure and Function Cell Smallest unit that

Cell Structure and Function

Cell – Smallest unit that can carry out all of the activities necessary for life Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes

1. Eukaryotes a. Animal Cells b. Plant Cells Human Cell

Organ = A group of tissues with one or a few functions : heart, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, skin, kidney, etc. ) -elle = small or tiny Organelle = tiny organs

ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

1. CELL MEMBRANE – “Security Guard” (sac around the cell) • Semi-permeable - Controls what enters & leaves the cell • Protects cell & holds cell together

Plasma Membrane

2. CYTOPLASM (jelly-like material) • Supports cell parts • Allows cell parts to move

3. NUCLEUS – “boss” a. Control center of the cell

b. NUCLEOLUS » Controls cell reproduction and makes ribosomes which make proteins

c. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE » Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

d. CHROMOSOMES » Contains the DNA/genes that direct the making of proteins to make an organisms traits » “colored bodies”

4. VACUOLES – “storage” (bubbles) a. Storage of food and water, wastes and enzymes b. Animal cells have many small ones while plant cells have one large one Plant Vacuole

5. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM “bus” (highway) a. Transport system in the cell b. Rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (none)

c. RIBOSOMES “workers” Produce proteins for the cell

6. MITOCHONDRIA (powerhouse) a. Converts stored food into energy for the cell to use.

7. GOLGI BODY – “packaging plant” (post office) a. Package & exports protein from the cell • Hair, finger nails are good examples of these proteins

ORGANELLES FOUND IN ONLY ANIMAL CELLS

ANIMAL CELLS ONLY 1. LYSOSOME “Clean up Crew” a. Contain enzymes that. Digest or gets rid of worn out cell parts, bacteria or viruses b. Found in carnivorous plants

2. CENTRIOLE • Small part of animal cell that helps in cell division

• ORGANELLES FOUND IN ONLY PLANT CELLS

PLANT CELLS ONLY 1. CELL WALL (square) a. Made of Cellulose which makes plant stiff b. Supports plant and protects cell

2. CHLOROPLAST (green) “solar panels” a. Filled with the green pigment chlorophyll b. Makes chemical energy in the form of sugar from sunlight in the process called photosynthesis.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Cell wall Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plant Cell

Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome (attached) Nuclear envelope Ribosome (free) Cell Membrane Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Golgi apparatus Animal Cell

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Cell membrane Contain DNA Animal Cells Centrioles Plant Cells Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton