CELL RESPIRATION OUTLINE CELL RESPIRATION 1 Aerobic Respiration

CELL RESPIRATION OUTLINE CELL RESPIRATION 1. Aerobic Respiration 1. 2. 3. � 2. Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle: Acetyl Co. A Formation + Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain NET ATP: 36 Anaerboic Respiraiton 1. 2. � Glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation OR Ethanol Fermentation NET ATP: 2

CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 36 ATP

IN OVERVIEW….

2 WAYS OF MAKING ATP

1. SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION (GLYCOLYSIS &CITRIC ACID CYCLE) An Enzyme gives a phosphate to ADP to form ATP!

2. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (ETC + CHEMIOSMOSIS) ATP made by redox reactions of Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase (enzyme) is needed to phosphorylate the ADP to produce ATP. Almost 90% of the ATP produced from cellular respiration is produced this way.

CELL RESPIRATION HAPPENS WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN

CELL RESPIRATION OPTIONS glucose 1. GLYCOLYSIS n e g xy nt e s Pre No Oxy gen O 2. Krebs Cycle ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation 3. Electron Transport Chain OR 2. Ethanol Fermentation AEROBIC RESPIRATION NET 36 ATP NET 2 ATP

I. AEROBIC RESPIRATION

1. GLYCOLYSIS In cytosol Glucose (6 C) 2 Pyruvate (3 c) Can occur with or without oxygen NET ENERGY: 2 ATP 2 NADH (+4 ATP – 2 ATP = 2 ATP)

MOVE INTO THE MITOCHONDRIA’S MATRIX….

START THE “KREB’S CYCLE” ACETYL COA FORMATION + CITRIC ACID CYCLE

2 A. ACETYL COA FORMATION Pyruvate (3 C) is converted to Acetyl Co. A (2 C) � CO 2 is � NADH released as a waste product is made

2 B. CITRIC ACID CYCLE 1 Glucose (2 pyruvates) goes through 2 Citric Acid Cycles Overall Yield: 2 ATP 8 NADH 2 FADH 2 CO 2 bi-product

SO FAR WE’VE MADE… 10 NADH, 2 FADH 2, AND 4 ATP

MOVE INTO THE MITOCHONDRIA’S INNER MEMBRANE….

3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN In inner membrane of mitochondrion Largest energy making step “ATP Converter”- converts NADH + FADH 2 into ATP Movement of Hydrogens (protons) fuels the process 3 Proteins (electron acceptors), each one is more electronegative than the first. By-product: H 2 O 1 NADH = 3 ATP 1 FADH 2 = 2 ATP

CHEMIOSMOSIS Last stop of ETC As H+ ions diffuse through the membrane, ATP synthase uses the energy to join ADP and a phosphate group to create ATP!

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+ H+ H+ ATP SYNTHASE H+ 1 NADH = 3 ATP 1 FADH 2= 2 ATP Matrix H 2 O

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: ETC & CHEMIOSMOSIS

AEROBIC RESPIRATION: TOTAL ENERGY YIELD Glycolysis Acetyl Co. A Formation Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain NADH 2 2 FADH 2 0 0 ATP 2 0 6 10 x 3 2 2 x 2 2 +4 38 ATP made, but used 2 ATP up after Glycolysis: NET 36 ATP

II. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION “Fermentation” � Bacteria & Fungi (yeast) – Ethanol (Alcohol) Fermentation � Animal Muscle- Lactic Acid Fermentation Recycles NADH so Glycolysis can keep occuring

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Occurs in some BACTERIA and YEAST (fungi) Used to produce beer and wine NAD+ is regenerated, thereby allowing glycolysis to continue CO 2 Glucose 2 Pyruvate (3 C) 2 Acetaldehyde (2 C) GLYCOLYSIS 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 2 Ethanol

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Occurs in ANIMALS Occurs in muscle cells, causing muscle pain and fatigue Glucose 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate GLYCOLYSIS 2 NAD+ 2 NADH