Cell Reproduction P Bacteria E Plants animals Prokaryotes

Cell Reproduction P_______ (Bacteria) Ø E_______ (Plants & animals) Ø

Prokaryotes Ø ______ (does not have) a nucleus Ø Have a ____ chromosome Ø Reproduce by ___________ Ø Include bacteria EQ: How would be able to identify a prokaryote under a microscope? What would you look for to see if is missing?

Steps in Binary Fission Used by bacteria Ø Cells _____ their cell mass slightly Ø _____ & _________ are replicated (make more than one copy) Ø Each cell divides into __________ _ Ø EQ: Many daughter cells are the produced in binary fission?

Binary Fission of Bacterial Cell Note the two cells splitting apart into daughter cells.

E. Coli Dividing by Binary Fission E. Coli is found in your intestines and helps digest certain

Eukaryotes Ø Contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles Ø Asexually reproduce cells by mitosis EQ: Vocabulary Application- The first letter “A” in asexual means what? _____

Cell Cycle Ø Ø Ø Stages in growth & division _______ Phase _______Phase C______

G 1 Phase Ø _______ growth stage Ø C____________ Ø Cell prepares to _____its ______

Synthesis Phase Ø Copying of all of DNA’s instructions Ø Chromosomes duplicated EQ: What is made during the Synthesis Phase of the Cell Cycle?

____ Phase Ø Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis Ø Cell continues ______ Ø Needed _________

M Phase (Mitosis and Meiosis) fastest part of cell cycle Ø Cell growth & protein production _______ Ø Cell’s energy used to make ________ Ø Called M_______ or K_______ (nuclear division)

Life Cycle of a Cell Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end. EQ: Why is Mitosis called a cycle?

Interphase – Resting Stage (This includes G 2, G 1 and S stage of the Cell Cycle) Ø Cells carrying on normal activities Ø Chromosomes aren’t visible Ø Cell metabolism is occurring Ø Occurs ____________

Interphase In these plant cells, there are no visual changes in the chromosomes.

Stages of Mitosis Ø Prophase Ø Metaphase Ø Anaphase Ø Telophase

Cells Undergoing Mitosis EQ: Examine the Interphase slide that was previously shown,

Steps in Prophase Ø DNA coils tightly & __________ as _______ Ø Nuclear membrane disappears Ø Nuceolus disappears Ø ________ migrate to poles Ø ______ begins to form EQ: During what phase of Mitosis are the chromosomes visible?

Prophase

Eukaryotic Chromosome EQ: On your paper, draw and label the part of a Eukaryotic Chromosome (you will see this again in genetics).

Human Chromosomes EQ: Most of these chromosomes on this KARYOTYPE are homologous structures. You can tell because the pairs have the ______ shape and size. (What does the prefix “homo” mean.

Steps in Metaphase Ø Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome Ø Cell preparing to separate its chromosomes Ø Cell ____ its chromosomes in the ____ of the cell (called the equator) What do you think the chromosomes will look like during Metaphase?

Metaphase EQ: Where you right? Discuss why? What do you see in this slide?

Steps in Anaphase Cell chromosomes are _______ Ø Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes ____________ EQ: Look at the first letters of the word Anaphase, what do you think the “A” or “ana” refers to about the chromomsomes? Ø

Mitotic Spindle

Anaphase EQ: On your paper, draw the plant cell that is displaying the chromosomes moving to the poles.

Steps in Telophase Ø Separation of chromosomes ______ Ø Cell ________(plants) Ø Cleavage furrow forms (animals) Ø ______ & ______reform Ø Chromosomes _______

Telophase Plant Animal Look: Notice the two nucleus in one cell. This is the ONLY time during cell division where two nucleus are in one cell.

Cytokinesis Ø Occurs after chromosomes separate Ø Forms two, identical _____________ _

Cytokinesis Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells