Cell Reproduction Notes Mitosis process of cell that

Cell Reproduction Notes Mitosis: process of cell _______ that forms 2 new ______ , each with the same # of _______ Gene: segment of nucleic acid that _______for a unit of ______or protein Chromosome: eueu- in ______, made of DNA and protein; pro- main _______ of DNA Chromatin: makes up euk. _______ Histone: _______ found in euk. chromosomes; responsible for 1 st level of packaging DNA Nucleosome: euk. unit of _______ , made of DNA wrapped around core of _______ Chromatid: strands of a _______ that are visible during mitosis or meiosis Centromere: region of chromosome that holds sister _______ together during _______ A. Why cells reproduce 1. To help _______ & organs grow 2. To keep body _______ Cells grow _______ by building cell _______ Cells must produce more _______ to maintain _______. When cells get too large, they cannot support themselves (_______ ). The “_______ ” cell has a higher surface _______ ratio than its _______ does.

B. Chromosomes Prokaryotes _____ strand of _____ Single Eukaryotes Much more DNA (more _____ ) DNA wraps around proteins _____ ) _____ coils _____ chromatin coils _____ ( Forms ____ by repeated twisting/winding on itself collectively called chromosome; sister chromatids held together by a _____ C. Preparing for division Cell theory: “All cells come from other cells” Each new cell = “_____ cell” must have everything needed to live PROKARYOTE 1. DNA is _____. 2. Cell _____ forms between 2 _____. 3. Cell grows and cell _____ forms around new _____. 4. Cell is constricted in _____ until cells are pinched in the middle to form new daughter _____ EUKARYOTE 1. More _____ are _____ 2. _____ is copied, sorted, _____ 3. Special _____ which helps cell divide are made 4. Steps 1 -3 are called _____

II. Mitosis Cell _____ ~ Repeating _____ of cell _____ & division 2 Parts: 1. Interphase (3 phases) _____, _____ 2. Cell division (2 phases) _____, _____ b. Cellular Growth Three phases of cell cycle 1 st phase G 1 ~ cell _____ , builds more _____ 2 nd phase S ~ DNA is _____ , sister _____ (attached at _____ ) 3 rd phase G 2 ~ _____ of specialized _____ to help w/ _____ = _____ called spindle fibers c. Cell Division Divison phases of cell cycle 4 th phase: Mitosis ~ process of cell _____ into 2 daughter _____ Consists of 4 stages: _____

d. Stages of Mitosis Stage 1: Prophase INSIDE NUCLEUS ~ chromosomes _____ and become _____ ~ nuclear _____ breaks down, _____ OUTSIDE NUCLEUS ~ _____ (remember these? Hollow tubes? ) make up _____ fibers spindle ~ _____ helps assemble spindle 9 triplets of _____ (remember these? Just mentioned them a few sentences above) _____ pair of centrioles _____ ** _____ & _____ move to opposite _____ , each side of _____ of cell (equatorial line)** Stage 2: _M_etaphase ~ _____ line up in _____ Stage 3: _A naphase ~ _____ pulled _____ to poles Stage 4: _T_elophase ~ _____ new cells are _____

e. Cytokinesis Cell _____ grows into center of cell & _____ it into 2 _____ cells of equal size (half size of _____ cell) *Cell walls ~ _____ with cell _____ material line up and _____ to create wall *Cell _____ forms and divides plant cells in two Regulation of cell reproduction Controls 2 _____ signals _____ factors Cancer ~ disease caused by uncontrolled _____ of _____ cells grow and form a mass = _____ tumor ~ does not spread _____ tumor ~ spreads Treatment _____ ~ using drugs/prescriptions _____ therapy ~ high-energy rays destroy cells Avoid Too much _____