Cell Reproduction and Growth Chapter 10 Cell Division

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Cell Reproduction and Growth Chapter 10 Cell Division M C

Cell Reproduction and Growth Chapter 10 Cell Division M C

Limits on Cell Size • Diffusion is more efficient over short distances • DNA

Limits on Cell Size • Diffusion is more efficient over short distances • DNA limitations (has to be able to make proteins for whole cell) • Surface area – to – volume ratio

Cell Reproduction • 1 somatic cell (parent cell) reproduces to make 2 identical somatic

Cell Reproduction • 1 somatic cell (parent cell) reproduces to make 2 identical somatic cells (daughter cells)…

The Cell Cycle (phases in the life cycle of a cell) Interphase (G 1,

The Cell Cycle (phases in the life cycle of a cell) Interphase (G 1, S, G 2) Cell Division. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

What happens in each of these phases of the cell cycle?

What happens in each of these phases of the cell cycle?

Interphase • Cell grows in size and metabolizes • Chromosomes duplicated

Interphase • Cell grows in size and metabolizes • Chromosomes duplicated

• G 1 -growth phase 1 • S-synthesis • G 2 -growth phase

• G 1 -growth phase 1 • S-synthesis • G 2 -growth phase 2

1. Prophase • Chromatin coils up into chromosomes (Chromosomes are made up of 2

1. Prophase • Chromatin coils up into chromosomes (Chromosomes are made up of 2 sister chromatids attached by a centromere) • Nucleus disappears • Centrioles move to poles • Spindle forms

2. Metaphase • Chromosomes attach to the spindle and line up on the equator

2. Metaphase • Chromosomes attach to the spindle and line up on the equator of the cell. • Spindle fibers attach to each sister chromatid at the centromere.

3. Anaphase • Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles as spindle fibers

3. Anaphase • Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles as spindle fibers shorten

4. Telophase • • Chromatids reach poles Chromosomes unwind Nuclei reform Spindle fibers break

4. Telophase • • Chromatids reach poles Chromosomes unwind Nuclei reform Spindle fibers break down

5. Cytokinesis • Division of the cytoplasm…separation of the 2 new cells

5. Cytokinesis • Division of the cytoplasm…separation of the 2 new cells

Cytokinesis: Animal vs. Plant • Plasma membrane pinches in (cleavage furrow) • Cell is

Cytokinesis: Animal vs. Plant • Plasma membrane pinches in (cleavage furrow) • Cell is pinched in two • Cell plate laid down along equator • Plasma membrane forms around each cell • New cell walls form on each side of cell plate

Summary Mitosis

Summary Mitosis

Check your BRAIN! 1. Describe how a cell’s surface area-tovolume ratio limits size. 2.

Check your BRAIN! 1. Describe how a cell’s surface area-tovolume ratio limits size. 2. Why is it necessary for a cell’s chromosomes to be distributed to its daughter cells in such a precise manner? 3. How is the division of cytoplasm different in plants and in animals? 4. List the 4 phases of mitosis.

• • • • Key Terms Chromosomes Chromatin Sister chromatids Centromere Spindle (spindle

• • • • Key Terms Chromosomes Chromatin Sister chromatids Centromere Spindle (spindle fibers) Centrioles Cleavage furrow Cell plate Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis