Cell Parts Organelles 1 Cell Wall n A

Cell Parts & Organelles

1. Cell Wall n A) function: physical protection & structural support n B) Structure: wall surrounding cell § Has holes like windows in a wall n C) Macromol. = cellulose

n A) 2. Cell Membrane function: controls what enters and leaves cell n B) Structure: flexible lining just inside cell wall n C) Macromol. n Phospholipids n Proteins

n A) n n Structure: 3. Nucleus 1) Nuclear envelope = double layer of membrane around nucleus 2) Nuclear pores = holes in envelope 3) Chromosomes = DNA inside nucleus 4) Nucleolus = area full of ribosome parts

n B) Function: Store DNA & direct cell n C) Macromol. n Phospholipids, proteins n Nucleic acids

4. Cytoplasm n A) function: every thing that happenes between cell membrane and nucleus n B) Structure: n 1) all organelles between nucleus and cell membrane n 2) all fluid that fills cell = hyaloplasm n C) Macromol. : all

5. Ribosome n A) function: make proteins n n 1) Connect amino acids in correct order 2) Follow directions from RNA n B) Structure: 2 subunits § 1) Protien subunit § 2) RNA subunit n C) Macromol. : protein & nucleic acid

6 Mitochondrion n A- Function: Cellular Respiration n n 1)Uses O 2 to burn glucose & give cell energy 2) O 2 + glucose CO 2 and energy n B- Structure n n 1) Oval outer membrane 2) Folded inner membrane – Folds called cristae n C- Macromolecules: n Phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

n A- 7. Chloroplasts Function: Photosynthesis n 1) Converts solar Energy into chemical energy n 2) CO 2 + H 2 O Glucose + O 2 n Bn n Structure: 1) Oval outer membrane 2) Grana = stacks of disks n C- Macromolecules: n Phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids

8. Vacuole n A- Function: storage & support (plants) n B- Structure: membrane full of water and molecules or food n C- Macromolecules: n phospholipids

9. Lysosome n A- Function: digest food/break down old organelles & macromolecules (hydrolysis) n B- Structure: membrane bubble full of enzymes n Cn Macromolecules phospholipids, proteins (enzymes)

10. Golgi Body n A- Function: n n 1) adds sugars & lipids to proteins 2) makes complex carbohydrates n B- Structure: n 1) flat membrane pockets n 2) filled with enzymes n C- Macromolecules n phospholipids, proteins

11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum n A- Function: Fold & transport proteins n Bn n n Structure: 1) Tunnels made of membrane 2) lots of enzymes 3) ribosomes n Cn Macromol. : phospholipids, proteins

12. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum n A- Function: Transport molecules & Detox n B- Structure: Membrane tunnels full of enzymes n Cn n Macromol. : phospholipids, proteins

13. Cytoskeleton n An n Function: 1) internal support 2) move organelles & vessicles n B- Structure: Framework of microtubules and motor proteins n http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 s. RZy 9 Pg. Pvg n Cn Macromolecules protein

14. Cilia & Flagella n A- Function: locomotion n B- Structure: projections of cell membrane with cytoskeleton core made of microtubules n cilia = short flagella = long n Cn Macromol. : phospholipids, proteins

Two types of cells n 1) Prokaryotic – before a nucleus n Bacteria & Archebacteria n 2) Eukaryotic – with a nucleus n also have cytoskeleton n have all types of organelles n plants n animals n fungi n protists