Cell Parts and Functions Flash Card Notes Plant

Cell Parts and Functions Flash Card Notes

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Cell Membrane n Structure: ¨ Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates ¨ Thin, flexible barrier ¨ Selectively Permeable n Functions ¨ Separates cell from surroundings ¨ Regulates molecules into/out of cell (food, water, wastes, etc. ) Found in all cells

Cell Wall n Structure: ¨ Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) and proteins ¨ Rigid wall outside of cell membrane n Function: ¨ Support and protect ¨ Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other substances to pass through * Found only in plant, fungi, and algae cells, NOT in animals

Nucleus n Function: ¨ Stores DNA (chromatin), hereditary info for cell ¨ Controls cell activities n Components: ¨ Nuclear Envelope: bilayer lipid membrane that surrounds nucleus and has pores or holes to allow materials to move in/out of nucleus ¨ Nucleolus: Small dense region that makes ribosomes Found in plant and animal cells

Ribosomes ¨ Most n numerous cell part Structure: ¨ Made n of RNA and protein Function: ¨ Synthesis of Proteins (make proteins) Found in plant and animal cells

Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum n Structure: ¨Internal membrane system ¨Stacks of flattened sacs n Rough: has ribosomes- gives a bumpy appearance n Smooth: no ribosomes- looks smooth

Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (contin. ) n Function: ¨ Intracellular highway—moves molecules around the cell Rough: chemically changes proteins made by ribosomes, sends proteins to Golgi for export n Smooth: synthesizes lipids and cell membrane parts, detox Found in plant and animal cells n

Golgi Apparatus n Structure: ¨ Stacks of flattened membranes n Function: ¨ Processing, packaging, and secreting proteins ¨ Attach carbs and lipids to proteins ¨ Send proteins to their final destinations Found in plant and animal cells

Lysosome n Structure: ¨ Small sac which contains hydrolytic enzymes ¨ Not in plants n Functions: ¨ Digest proteins, carbs, and lipids, DNA or RNA in cell ¨ Removes debris: digests old organelle or viruses and bacteria

Vacuole n Structure: ¨ Large sac filled with enzymes, water, and wastes ¨ In plants: VERY large – takes up most of cell ¨ In animals: small – store extra materials n Function: ¨ Storage n Vesicles: small vacuoles involved in transporting substances within cells

Chloroplast n Structure: ¨ Saclike structure that contains chlorophyll (a green pigment) n Function: ¨Photosynthesis: Changes sunlight energy to sugar n Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria n NOT found in animals

Mitochondria n Structure: ¨ Has n 2 membranes Function: ¨ “Cellular Respiration: releases energy from food molecules to power cell (growth, movement, development, etc. ) Found in plant and animal cells

Centrioles Structure: A pair of small organelles made of microtubuless n Function: Help in the formation of the spindle fibers used in cell division Only found in animal cells n