CELL ORGANELLES STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION GOLGI APPARATUS STRUCTURE

CELL ORGANELLES STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

GOLGI APPARATUS • STRUCTURE • MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLE • MADE OF STACKS OF MEMBRANE BOUND STRUCTURES • POLAR / ONE END RECEIVES AND THE OTHER SENDS OUT • FUNCTION • MODIFY, SORT, PACKAGE MICROMOLECULES • MODIFIES PROTEINS FROM THE ROUGH ER • TRANSPORTS LIPIDS AROUND THE CELL • CREATES LYSOSOMES

CENTRIOLES • STRUCTURE • CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES • MADE UP OF 9 TRIPLET TUBES ARRANGED IN A CIRCULAR SHAPE • FUNCTION • WORKS IN PAIRS TO PERFORM THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTROSOME

CENTROSOME • STRUCTURE • CONSISTS OF TWO CENTRIOLES AT RIGHT ANGLES • FUNCTION • PRODUCE MITOTIC SPINDLE FIBERS • ORGANIZES MICROTUBULES • HELPS TO STABILIZE THE STRUCTURE OF THE CELL • WORKS WITH MICROTUBULES TO PULL CHROMATIDS APART DURING CELL DIVISION

MICROTUBULES • STRUCTURE • HOLLOW TUBES OF PROTEINS USED DURING CELL DIVISION • FUNCTION • CREATES PART OF THE CYTOSKELETON OF THE CELL • USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CENTROSOMES TO PULL CHROMATIDS APART DURING MITOSIS

LYSOSOME • STRUCTURE • DENSE, GRANULAR SACS • MEMBRANE BOUND • CONTAINS ENZYMES • FUNCTION • INTRACELLULAR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • REMOVE DEAD CELL PARTS • FUSE WITH VESICLES TO DIGEST DAMAGED ORGANELLES

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • STRUCTURE • EXTENSIVE MEMBRANE SYSTEM OF SAC-LIKE STRUCTURES HELD TOGETHER BY THE CYTOSKELETON • STUDDED WITH RIBOSOMES • FUNCTION • SYNTHESIZES PROTEINS • TRANSPORTS PROTEINS OUTSIDE OF THE CELL

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • STRUCTURE • EXTENSIVE MEMBRANE SYSTEM OF SAC-LIKE STRUCTURES HELD TOGETHER BY THE CYTOSKELETON • CONSISTS OF TUBULES • FUNCTION • STORES KEY ENZYMES • SYNTHESIZES LIPIDS AND STEROIDS

GOLGI VESICLES • STRUCTURE • COMPOSED OF A BI-LIPID LAYER • FUNCTION • USED TO TRANSPORT MATERIALS FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER • FUNCTIONS IN METABOLISM AND ENZYME STORAGE

MITOCHONDRIA • STRUCTURE • ROD SHAPED MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLE • INNER MEMBRANE HIGHLY FOLDED • MADE OF PROTEINS AND ENZYMES • FUNCTION • PRODUCES ENERGY THROUGH CELLULAR RESPIRATION • HELPS BUILD PARTS OF THE BLOOD AND HORMONES • PLAYS A ROLE IN APOPTOSIS

VACUOLE • STRUCTURE • SAC-LIKE STRUCTURES • LARGE IN PLANT CELLS AND SMALL IN ANIMAL CELLS • DERIVED FROM THE GOLGI APPARATUS AND THE ER • FUNCTION • SERVES AS STOREHOUSE FOR WASTES OR NUTRIENTS

NUCLEUS • STRUCTURE • DENSE AND SPHERICAL • SURROUNDED BY THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE • PORES IN THE MEMBRANE • CONTAINS CHROMOSOMES • CONTAINS NUCLEOLUS • FUNCTION • CONTROLS HEREDITY • RESPONSE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, CELL DIVISION, GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION

CHLOROPLAST • STRUCTURE • COMPOSED OF CARB, LIPID, PROTEIN, CHLOROPHYLL, COLOR AGENTS, DNA, RNA AND ENZYMES. • INNER MATRIX CALLED STROMA • CONTAIN GRANA, CHLOROPHYLL BODIES • FUNCTION • CONDUCT PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO PRODUCE GLUCOSE FOR PLANT ENERGY

CELL WALL • STRUCTURE • TOUGH RIGID LAYER OF PLANT AND BACTERIA CELLS • LOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE • PLANT CELL WALL COMPOSED OF CELLULOSE • FUNCTION • PROVIDES RIGIDITY AND STRENGTH • PROTECTS AGAINST INFECTION • AIDS IN GAS DIFFUSION

CELL MEMBRANE • STRUCTURE • COMPOSED OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PROTEINS • FUNCTION • INVOLVED IN THE FLOW OF SELECTED MATERIALS ACROSS THE CELL

CYTOPLASM • STRUCTURE • COMPOSED OF CYTOSOL, ORGANELLES, INCLUSIONS • FUNCTION • SITE OF BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS • CYTOSKELETON PROVIDES SHAPE • AIDS IN THE MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS • CONTAINS METABOLIC ENZYMES • TRANSPORTS PRODUCTS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

RIBOSOMES • STRUCTURE • COMPOSED OF PROTEINS AND RRNA • 2 SUBUNITS • FUNCTION • ASSEMBLE AMINO ACIDS INTO PROTEINS • TRANSLATE THE GENETIC MESSAGE IN MRNA • IN CYTOPLASM THEY MAKE PROTEINS USED IN THE CYTOPLASM • IN RER THE PROTEINS ARE TRANSPORTED OUT OF THE CELL