Cell Organelles Eukaryotic Cells Cell Parts Cells the

Cell Organelles Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Parts • Cells – the basic unit of life • Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions. Analogy – City of Rocklin

1) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane Cell membrane Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. Allows material to pass through pores (holes). Analogy – Gowanda village limits

2) Cell Wall (Plant cells only) Cell Wall 1. Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant. 2. Structure: rigid and stiff Analogy – ground, rock wall

3) Chloroplasts (Plants only) Chloroplasts 1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sunlight and carbondioxide into sugar). 2. Structure: contains green chlorophyll Analogy – Solar Panels

4) Cytoplasm 1. Function: Fills the cell and cushions the organelles that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Gel-like Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Gowanda, except City Hall

5) Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Smooth ER 1. Function: Transportation route for proteins. a. Rough ER: has ribosomes b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes 2. Structure: tubes and channels Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

6) Golgi Apparatus 1. Function: Processes, Packages, labels and ships proteins. -near ER Analogy – Post Office

7) Lysosomes 1. Function: packets of digestive enzymes that break down materials in a cell. - In animal cells Analogy – Recycling center

8) Mitochondria 1. Function: Produce energy for the cell using oxygen and “food”– site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse” -in all cells Analogy – electric plant

9) Nucleus 1. Function: “Control Center. ” Holds genetic material. 2. Structure: has a membrane and strands of DNA-chromatin, and nucleolus Analogy – City Hall

9 a) Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Envelope 1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus. Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

9 b) Nucleolus 1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. 2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA Analogy – The Mayor

9 c) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA (chromatin) 1. Function: information on how to make proteins. a. Chromatin – strands of DNA (normal state) b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division) Analogy – The Laws or City Code

10) Ribosomes Free Ribosomes 1. Function: Makes proteins. 2. Structure: small circular organelles Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

11) Vacuoles & Vesicles 1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

YOU WILL LEARN THESE LATER…. .

Centrioles (Animals Only) Centrioles 1. Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division.

Cilia & Flagella Cilia 1. Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell. 2. Structure: a. Flagella – 1 long fiber b. Cilia – many short fibers Analogy – Cars or bicycles.

Cell Parts Analogy • Create an analogy (besides the city analogy) for the cell and its parts • Possible ideas: – Stadium – School – Country – Restaurant – House – Mall – Waterpark

Stadium Example: • • Cell membrane: wall of stadium, gates Cytoplasm: everything inside the stadium. Nucleus: the control room for the stadium. Etc…