Cell Organelles Cell Parts Cells the basic unit

Cell Organelles

Cell Parts • Cells – the basic unit of life • Organelles small structures inside a cell with specific functions. Analogy – City of Mobile

A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane Cell membrane 1. Function: Controls materials entering and exiting the cell. 2. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins Analogy – Mobile city limits

B) Cytoplasm 1. Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles. 2. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Mobile, except City Hall

C) Nucleus 1. Function: “Control Center. ” Controls DNA & RNA actions. 2. Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA Analogy – City Hall

Nuclear Envelope 1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus. 2. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

D) Nucleolus 1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. 2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA Analogy – The Mayor

F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA (chromatin) 1. Function: information on how to make proteins. a. Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state) b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division 2. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus Analogy – The Laws or City Code

E) Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Smooth ER 1. Function: Transportation route for proteins. a. Rough ER: has ribosomes b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes 2. Structure: tubes and channels Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

F) Ribosomes Free Ribosomes 1. Function: Makes proteins. 2. Structure: small circular organelles Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

G) Vacuoles Vesicles 1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. 2. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle. Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

H) Lysosomes 1. Function: break down materials in a cell. 2. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles Analogy – Recycling center

I) Mitochondria 1. Function: make energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse” 2. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped. Analogy – Alabama Power

J) Golgi Apparatus/body Golgi Apparatus 1. Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell. 2. Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle Analogy – Post Office

M) Cytoskeleton Microfilaments Microtubules 1. Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. a. Microfilaments b. Microtubules 2. Structure: Tubules Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams

N) Centrioles (Animals Only) Centrioles 1. Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division. • Structure: Tubules Analogy – Rocklin High School vs. Whitney High School

K) Cilia & Flagella Cilia 1. Function: provides movement for the cell. 2. Structure: a. Flagella – 1 long fiber b. Cilia – many short fibers Analogy – Cars or bicycles.

L) Chloroplasts (Plants only) Chloroplasts 1. Function: site of photosynthesis (changing sun and carbon dioxide into sugar). 2. Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll Analogy – Solar Panels

M) Cell Wall (Plant cells only) Cell Wall 1. Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant. 2. Structure: Made of cellulose Analogy – ground, rock wall

Cell Parts Analogy • Create an analogy (besides the city analogy) for the cell and its parts • Possible ideas: – Stadium – School – Country – Restaurant – House – Mall – Waterpark

Stadium Example: • • Cell membrane: wall of stadium, gates Cytoplasm: everything inside the stadium. Nucleus: the control room for the stadium. Etc…