Cell Notes Basic unit of Life cells Cells

Cell Notes

Basic unit of Life= cells • Cells are the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life.

Two Types of Cells 1. Animal Cells 2. Plant Cells

Unicellular vs. Multicellular Organisms a) Unicellular organisms are one-celled organisms. b) Multicellular organisms contain multiple cells

• Unicellular organisms contain specialized cell structures that allow for these animals to carry out life functions and maintain homeostasis. These structures inside the cell are known as organelles. • Organelles function similar to the way organs function inside of multicellular organisms.

Cell Organization in Multicellular Organisms In multicellular organisms, cells are organized into units or levels. a) Organelles are tiny structures inside the cell. b) These organelles make up cells. c) Groups of cells make up tissue, which are groups of similar cells performing the same function. Muscle tissue and blood tissue are examples of tissue. d) A group of specialized tissues performing one main function is known as an organ. Examples of organs are the stomach and kidneys. e) Organs working together make organ systems, such as the digestive and nervous systems. All organ systems working together make up an organism.

_____ _________ ____ Simple Complex

Cell Structures and Function Picture Structure Nucleus Chromosomes Mitochondria Function a) Controls all activities of the cell. b) “The cell’s brain” Found in BOTH cells. a) Found in the nucleus. b) 46 chromosomes in human cells and contain DNA. Found in BOTH cells. a) Provides the cell with energy in the form of ATP. b) “The powerhouse of the cell” c) Site of cellular respiration. Found in BOTH cells

Cell Structures and Function Picture Structure Function Chloroplast a) The site of photosynthesis in the cell. b) Contains chlorohyll Found ONLY in PLANT CELLS! Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes a) Help transport proteins and other materials in the cell. b) Can be smooth or rough. Rough= has ribosomes on it. Smooth= no ribosomes on it. Found in BOTH cells. a)The site of protein synthesis. b) Assemble amino acids to make proteins. c) Found on the ER or in the cytoplasm. Found in BOTH cells

Cell Structures and Function Picture Structure Lysosome Golgi complex Cell Membrane Function a) Contains enzymes that breaks down waste and defective organelles. Found in BOTH cells. a) Packages proteins. b) Looks like stacks of pancakes. Found in BOTH cells. a) Transports (moves) materials in and out of the cell. b) Holds all organelles inside the cell. Found in BOTH cells.

Cell Structures and Function Picture Structure Centrioles Cytoplasm Cell Wall Function a) Helps cell division occur in cells. ONLY in ANIMAL CELLS! a) Jelly-like material in the cell where all the organelles float in. b) Chemical reactions occur here. Found in BOTH cells a) Rigid membrane that surrounds plant cell. b) Helps give the plant cell its shape. ONLY in PLANT CELLS!

Cell Structures and Function Picture Structure Function a) Stores water and waste products in the cell. Vacuole Found in BOTH cells Plant cell vacuole is LARGER than animal cell vacuole.