Cell membrane Function to regulate what comes into

Cell membrane Function: to regulate what comes into the cell and what goes out Composed of a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids and proteins Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

Cell Wall Found outside of cell membrane. Contains cellulose (starch) for support and protection Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (plants)

nucleus Control center of the cell and dictates what all of the other organelles do. Stores the DNA Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

Nucleolus Dark structure in nucleus that makes ribosomes for protein synthesis Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

Nuclear Envelope or membrane Separates DNA from cytoplasm. Openings called pores allow some materials to enter and leave the nucleus. Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture in cells contains cell organelles Provides a medium for chemical reactions Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (plant and animals)

Ribosomes Tiny bodies attached to the ER and found free in the cytoplasm; helps in synthesizing proteins Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

Golgi apparatus (complex) Stacked membranes that receive, store, package, and secrete proteins from endoplasmic reticulum and transported in vesicles stack of pancakes Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

Vesicles Small, round sacs that transport proteins from the golgi apparatus (complex) Eukaryotic (plants and animals)

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum --has ribosomes which give it its "rough" appearance --next to nucleus --makes, processes and transports proteins then sends them to the Golgi apparatus Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

Endoplasmic reticulum Smooth ER --mostly contains enzymes that function in lipid synthesis, involved in carbohydrate metabolism and detoxification of drugs and poisons Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

mitochondria "powerhouse" of the cell. Cellular respiration-Turns food into useable energy (ATP) contains its own DNA, support for Endosymbiosis Theory Get from your mom Muscle cells contain more of these Looks like a container with a maze inside of it Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

Chloroplast eukaryotic (plants) only found in plant cells, has its own DNA, like mitochondrion photosynthesis--functions to convert light energy into carbohydrates (sugars) and oxygen Container with stacks of plates inside of it

vacuole storage area for water and other nutrients Central vacuole large water container, helps maintain a turgor (stiffness) in the plant Water balloon Eukaryotic (plant)

lysosome Small, round structures that contain digestive enzymes to break down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates also called a "suicide sac" Think of Lysol Eukaryotic (animal)

flagellum Whip-like tail used for movement. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (animal)

cilia Hair like projections that help move substances past the membrane Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (animal)

Pseudopods Long, arm-like extensions “false feet” used for movement and engulfing prey Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic (animal)

cytoskeleton helps maintain the cells shape; supports the cell and aids in cell movement Eukaryote (animals) Centrioles – used during cell division to move and separate chromosomes Eukaryote (animal) Looks like twizzlers