Cell Diversity Cells are not identical they diversify

Cell Diversity Cells are not identical – they diversify their structure to suit their function http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g. Fu. Eo 2 c c. TPA

Aidhm • Define the term: tissue • Name 2 plant tissues. • Name 2 animal tissues • Explain the term: Tissue culture • State 2 applications of tissue culture • Define the term: organ • Name 1 plant organ • Name 1 animal organ • Define the term: organ system. • Name any 2 animal systems.

Cell Diversity The basic unit that makes up all organisms is called a…… Cell

Cell Diversity What type of cell is this Animal Cell

Cell Diversity What type of cell is this Plant Cell

Cell Diversity What type of tissue are Xylem and phloem Vascular

Cell Diversity Fill in the missing word cell, _____, organ system, organism, , Tissue

Cell Diversity A tissue is a group of ____ that carry out similar function Cells

Cell Diversity Heart, stomach, intestine, liver are all examples of what? Organs

Cell Diversity 1, 2, 3 or 4 is ground tissue 2

Cell Diversity 1, 2, 3 or 4 is dermal tissue 1

Cell Diversity An organ is a group of ____ that carry out a function Tissues

Types of Cells Nerve Cells Red Blood Cells Muscle Cells

Tissues A Tissue is a group of similar cells with the same function

Tissue types in T. S. of stem 15 Phloem on the outside Xylem on the inside

Tissue types in L. S. of stem 16

Plant Tissue 1. Dermal tissue - A single layer of cells. Surrounds different parts of a plant - E. g. epidermis (protects the plant) - Location: like skin. Covers leaves, stems, roots Description: rectangular cells, sometimes covered by a cuticle (waterproof layer) Function: protects plant -

Can you name the two types of Vascular Tissue? 1. Xylem 2. Phloem

What are the 2 types of Xylem cells? Xylem Tracheids Found in conifers Xylem Vessels Found in deciduous trees

Phloem Structure 2 Companion cells: lie alongside the sieve tube. Nucleus controls activities of both companion and sieve tube cell 1. Sieve tube cells: long cells stacked end to end. Mature cells with cytoplasm but no nucleus Sieve plates Cytoplasm extends from cell to cell through the sieve plate

Plant Tissue 2. Vascular Tissue - Transports materials around the plant Xylem: transports water and minerals around the plant. Consists of hollow tubes - Phloem: transports food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. Tube like structures -

Animal Tissues 4 types: connective, nervous, muscular and epithelial n Connective tissue: joins tissues. Blood is a connective tissue n Nervous tissue: composed of nerve cells called neurons. Send electrical impulses to the brain

Animal Tissues 4 types: connective, nervous, muscular and epithelial n Muscular tissue: long cells that can shorten n Epithelial tissue: flat cells that cover surfaces

Learning Check Can you name 3 types of cell? n What is a tissue? n Can you recall 2 types of animal tissue? n Can you recall 2 types of plant tissue? n

Tissue Culture n Tissue culture: cells grown on artificial medium outside an organism n The tissue sample is removed from a plant/animal and grown in glassware ( in vitro) or in a bioreactor in sterile fluid under controlled conditions Growth is ¨ by mitosis ¨ produces a cluster of identical offspring - a clone n

Can you think of any conditions necessary for growth of a tissue? n Oxygen Nutrients n Growth factors and hormones n Correct p. H n Optimum temperature n Sterile conditions n Freedom from competition n

Tissue Culture n n n Sterile conditions must be used. Sterile: prevent growth of bacteria and fungi If bacteria and fungi were allowed to grow, they would destroy cell growth

Fighting disease

Applications of tissue cultures n 1. Cancer research n Antibodies are produced by white blood cells and fight infection n Antigens are chemicals on foreign bodies that cause infection n Cancer cells have antigens n Tissue culture can be used to produce antibodies that attach to cancer cells only n Monoclonal antibodies may change colour when they react with cancer antigens. Can tell if there is cancerous cells in a sample

Applications of tissue cultures n 2. Micro propagation of plants

Applications of tissue cultures n 2. Micro propagation of plants n This is the growth of large number of plants from a small piece of a plant n Carried out in a suitable medium. n Forms clump of cells called a callus n Conditions present to allow callus to grow n Produces exact copies n Quickly produces mature plants n Inexpensive

Learning Check What is Tissue Culture? n What kind of conditions do cells in tissue culture need? n Can you name two uses for tissue culture? n

Organs n n An organ: a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions Examples (Plants) ¨ Root ¨ Stem ¨ Leaf ¨ Flower

Organs n Leaf is composed of ¨Dermal tissue: makes up epidermis ¨Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem ¨Ground tissue: makes up body of leaf

Organs Examples (Animals) ¨ Heart ¨ Stomach ¨ Intestine ¨ Liver

Examples n Heart is composed of ¨ Muscular tissue: cardiac muscles ¨ Epithelial tissue: heart is enclosed in a membrane called the pericardium ¨ Connective tissue: blood & blood vessels ¨ Nervous tissue: controls heart

Systems n A system consists of a number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions

Respiratory System

Urinary System

• Animal Systems Digestive • Circulatory • Nervous • Urinary • Endocrine • Skeletal • Muscular • Reproductive n

Odd one out Nerve cells n Heart n White blood cells n

Odd one out Dermal n Vascular n Companion n

Odd one out Companion cells n Tracheids n Sieve tube cells n

Odd one out Connective n Muscular n Digestive n

Learning Check What is an organ? n Can you name 2 plant organs? n Can you name 2 animal organs? n What is an organ system? n Can you recall 2 animal organ systems? n

2012 OL Q 14 c

2012 OL Q 14 c

2013 OL Question 15 c

2007 OL: Book page 101

Can you…. • Define the term: tissue • Name 2 plant tissues. • Name 2 animal tissues • Explain the term: Tissue culture • State 2 applications of tissue culture • Define the term: organ • Name 1 plant organ • Name 1 animal organ • Define the term: organ system. • Name any 2 animal systems.

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