Cell Cycle Stages in growth division G 1

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Cell Cycle Ø Ø Ø Stages in growth & division G 1 Phase S

Cell Cycle Ø Ø Ø Stages in growth & division G 1 Phase S Phase G 2 Phase M Phase Cytokinesis copyright cmassengale

G 1 Phase Ø First growth stage Ø Cell increases in size Ø Cell

G 1 Phase Ø First growth stage Ø Cell increases in size Ø Cell prepares to copy its DNA copyright cmassengale

Synthesis Phase Ø Copying of all of DNA’s instructions Ø Chromosomes duplicated copyright cmassengale

Synthesis Phase Ø Copying of all of DNA’s instructions Ø Chromosomes duplicated copyright cmassengale

G 2 Phase Ø Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis Ø Cell continues growing

G 2 Phase Ø Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis Ø Cell continues growing Ø Needed proteins produced copyright cmassengale

M Phase Ø Cell growth & protein production stop Ø Cell’s energy used to

M Phase Ø Cell growth & protein production stop Ø Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells Ø Called mitosis or karyokinesis (nuclear division) copyright cmassengale

Life Cycle of a Cell Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end.

Life Cycle of a Cell Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end. copyright cmassengale

Interphase – Resting Stage Ø Cells carrying on normal activities Ø Chromosomes aren’t visible

Interphase – Resting Stage Ø Cells carrying on normal activities Ø Chromosomes aren’t visible Ø Cell metabolism is occurring Ø Occurs before mitosis copyright cmassengale

Interphase copyright cmassengale

Interphase copyright cmassengale

Stages of Mitosis Ø Prophase Ø Metaphase Ø Anaphase Ø Telophase copyright cmassengale

Stages of Mitosis Ø Prophase Ø Metaphase Ø Anaphase Ø Telophase copyright cmassengale

Cells Undergoing Mitosis copyright cmassengale

Cells Undergoing Mitosis copyright cmassengale

Steps in Prophase Ø DNA coils tightly & becomes visible as chromosomes Ø Nuclear

Steps in Prophase Ø DNA coils tightly & becomes visible as chromosomes Ø Nuclear membrane disappears Ø Nuceolus disappears Ø Centrioles migrate to poles Ø Spindle begins to form copyright cmassengale

Prophase copyright cmassengale

Prophase copyright cmassengale

Eukaryotic Chromosome copyright cmassengale

Eukaryotic Chromosome copyright cmassengale

Human Chromosomes copyright cmassengale

Human Chromosomes copyright cmassengale

Steps in Metaphase Ø Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome Ø Cell

Steps in Metaphase Ø Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome Ø Cell preparing to separate its chromosomes Ø Cell aligns its chromosomes in the middle of the cell copyright cmassengale

Metaphase copyright cmassengale

Metaphase copyright cmassengale

Steps in Anaphase Ø Cell chromosomes are separated Ø Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes

Steps in Anaphase Ø Cell chromosomes are separated Ø Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes pulled to ends of cell copyright cmassengale

Mitotic Spindle copyright cmassengale

Mitotic Spindle copyright cmassengale

Anaphase copyright cmassengale

Anaphase copyright cmassengale

Steps in Telophase Ø Separation of chromosomes completed Ø Cell Plate forms (plants) Ø

Steps in Telophase Ø Separation of chromosomes completed Ø Cell Plate forms (plants) Ø Cleavage furrow forms(animals) Ø Nucleus & nucleolus reform Ø Chromosomes uncoil copyright cmassengale

Telophase Plant copyright cmassengale Animal

Telophase Plant copyright cmassengale Animal

Cytokinesis Ø Occurs after chromosomes separate Ø Forms two, identical daughter cells copyright cmassengale

Cytokinesis Ø Occurs after chromosomes separate Ø Forms two, identical daughter cells copyright cmassengale

Cytokinesis Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells copyright cmassengale

Cytokinesis Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells copyright cmassengale