Cell Cycle Review Cell Cycle is controlled by

Cell Cycle Review

Cell Cycle is controlled by proteins at different checkpoints

Cancer Cells Normal cells become cancer cells when 1. Regulation of cell growth and division is lost 2. Cells do not respond normally to control mechanisms 3. Cells continue to divide without passing through G 1

Mitosis & Cytokinesis original cell identical daughter cells Mitosis – a type of cell division in which the nucleus divides Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm A cell with 16 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis. How many daughter cells are produced and how many chromosomes are in each? 16 Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction.

Belt of Proteins Cell Plate

What phase is this? Prophase

What phase is this? Anaphase

What phase is this? Cytokenisis

What phase is this? Telophase

What phase is this? Interphase

What phase is this? Metaphase

Put the phases in the correct order! B A B C D E F F C E A D

Where does DNA replication occur? a. b. c. d. G 1 S G 2 M

What part of the cell cycle results in daughter cells? a. b. c. d. mitosis prophase cytokinesis G 2 checkpoint

What is the purpose of mitosis? a. Guarantees that each daughter cell has half the amount of DNA than the parent b. It ensures that new nuclei have correct amount of DNA c. It ensures the reproduction of mitochondria and chloroplast d. It prevents the occurrence of cancer cells

Predict what would happen if cytokinesis were skipped? You would end up with a bigger cell with multiple nuclei.

What structure(s) allows chromosomes to separate and move during mitosis? a. b. c. d. Radiating fibers Nuclear envelope chromatids Spindle apparatus

Predict what would happen if a cell produced faulty spindle fibers? The chromatids would not separate.

Cells spend 90% of their time in which phase? a. b. c. d. Cytokinesis Telophase Prophase Interphase

Predict what would happen if the Synthesis (S) phase were removed? The new cell would not receive a copy of the DNA.

What process results in two complete strands of DNA from one original strand? a. b. c. d. m. RNA transcription DNA replication DNA translation DNA transformation

Haploid vs. Diploid 1. How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that have a haploid number of 6? 2. The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human egg cell is ? 3. A gamete cell has 14 chromosomes. How many would there be in a somatic cell?

Sex Chromosomes • What are the two sex chromosomes? • What are the sex chromosomes for a male? • What are the sex chromosomes for a female?

Karyotypes A photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that show the chromosomes arranged by size. Purpose of a Karyotype: (1) to detect abnormalities in chromosome number (2) to determine gender

Normal or Abnormal? Male or Female?

Vocabulary • • Binary fission Homologous chromosomes Trisomy Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Diploid (2 n) Haploid (n)