Cell Cycle Interphase DNA is duplicated to prepare

Cell Cycle Interphase: DNA is duplicated to prepare for nucleus and cell division. Mitosis: the process is referred to has “nuclear division”. It has four (4 stages. PMAT). a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Anaphase d) Telophase At the end of this process, the cell has two nuclei—each with its own set of DNA. Now, the cell can continue with cellular division. Cytokinesis: The cell divides its cytoplasm and organelles to create two new “daughter” cells. Daughter Cells: The two daughter cells are identical to the original parent cell. Parent “Original” Cell

INTERPHASE (This is NOT part of mitosis. ) The cell prepares to go through mitosis, also referred to as “nuclear division”. Blue = original 46 chromosomes. (Half from father; half from mother) It makes an exact copy of its DNA for the new cell. Red = a copy of the 46 chromosomes. (Half from father; half from mother) Mitosis occurs for all cells, except sex cells---which goes through meiosis, instead of mitosis.

MITOSIS: 1 Prophase P = pairing; P = prophase A) The nuclear membrane breaks down. B) The DNA condenses and finds its homologous pair. The blue male chromosome 1 finds the blue female chromosome 1. This happens 22 more times…until all 23 pairs of male chromosomes find their female counterparts. At the same time the blue chromosomes are pairing, so are the red ones---in the same manner. Next blue chromosome 1 pairs with red chromosome 1. This happens until all 23 blue chromosomes are paired with their duplicated red chromosomes. This is referred to as “pairing homologous chromosomes”. We call these “homologous pairs”. Pretend there are 23 pairs of blue and 23 pairs of red---not just these four pairs. Chromosome 23 Chromosome 1

MITOSIS: 2 Metaphase M = middle; M = metaphase Homologous pairs align in the middle— preparing for cell division. Imagine there are 23 of these pairs--instead of just these four. This alignment makes sure that each new cell gets a copy of the entire DNA package. This side of blue chromosomes are the original. This side of red chromosomes are the EXACT duplicate copy of the blue DNA chromosomes.

MITOSIS: 3 Anaphase A = away; A = Anaphase Homologous pairs move AWAY from each other—preparing for creation of two new nuclei. All the original blue will go to one cell. All the original red will go to one cell.

MITOSIS: 4 Telophase T = two nuclei; T = Telophase Two nuclei are created. The cell prepares to divide. All the original blue chromosomes are in one nuclei. All the original red chromosomes are in one nuclei.

CYTOKINESIS Cytoplasm Divides The cytoplasm divides—giving both cells a set of organelles necessary for life. The cell divides. Two identical “daughter” cells are created from the parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.