Cell Biology Outline Organization of body systems Organ
Cell Biology
Outline • Organization of body systems – Organ – Tissue – Cell— • How do we study biology? – Why should we? • Research question in biology
Body System Hierarchy System > Organ > Tissue > Cell
Body System Hierarchy System > Organ > Tissue > Cell Cardiovascular System
Body System Hierarchy System > Organ > Tissue > Cell Cardiovascular System Blood Vessel (Organ) Vessel Tissue
The functional part of organs are cells + matrix System > Organ > Tissue > Cell Blood Vessel Tissue Cells + Matrix are proteins that hold cells together and give tissues mechanical integrity
The functional part of organs are cells + matrix Matrix Example: bone tissue Cells Matrix
The functional part of organs are cells + matrix Matrix Example: bone tissue Cells Blood vessels Matrix
The Cell
The Cell This is not a cell…so what is it? ~3 um 50 um ~100 nm ~6 um ~5 um ~7 um
What can cells do? Adhesion Change Shape (Spread) Cell Matrix Migrate Direction of Migration Communicate Hey Actin Focal Adhesion Hi
How do we study Biology? In vitro In vivo Within glass Within the living
Why do we study Biology? In vitro In vivo If we understand why cells malfunction, we can learn how to fix them
Research Question: What role does matrix stiffness have on cells? Stress Shielding Cancer
Let’s look at an experiment on single cells 50 um 50 x 10 -6 m 1, 000 Pascals 1 k. Pa 50 um 50 x 10 -6 m 10, 000 Pascals 10 k. Pa
Substrate Stiffness Affects Cell Size 50 um Area (um 2) 50 x 10 -6 m 1, 000 Pascals 1 k. Pa Area vs. Stiffness 50 x 10 -6 m 10, 000 Pascals 10 k. Pa 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 1000 2500 5000 Stiffness (Pa) 10000
Cell Proliferation (cell division) Cell Nucleus (DNA)
What’s in cells? Proteins run the show Example: Structural proteins give cells shape
What’s in cells? Proteins run the show Other proteins do lots of other things
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