Cell Biology Organelles CellPlasma Membrane CellPlasma Membrane 1
Cell Biology Organelles
Cell/Plasma Membrane
Cell(Plasma) Membrane (1) Phospholipid Means Phospho that it has two layers = phophate Hydrophilic Lipid bilayer or “water loving” portion = “fat” Hydrophobic or “water fearing”
Nucleus Cell/Plasma Membrane
Nucleus (2) Enclosed by a double membrane Contains the DNA is the same in EVERY cell
Nucleolus Nucleus Cell/Plasma Membrane
Nucleolus (3) Found within the nucleus It is NOT membrane bound Makes ribosomes that are then sent out of the nucleus
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Mitochondria Nucleolus Nucleus Cell/Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria (4) Singular is “mitochondrion” They are the powerhouse of the cell About the size of a bacterium
Mitochondria (4) Also has two membranes Outer membrane is smooth Inner membrane is highly folded Called cristae Increase surface area Where cellular respiration takes place Cellular Respiration: Glucose + O 2 (Oxygen) ATP (energy) + CO 2 + H 2 O
Mitochondria Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Cell/Plasma Membrane
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (7) Appears to be “studded” or “pebbled” by ribosomes that are attached to the ER Ribosomes Proteins make proteins are synthesized and sent to the ER for transport throughout the cell
Mitochondria Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell/Plasma Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)(8) Various functions: Breakdown of lipid-soluble “fatty” toxins Release of calcium in muscle cells
Mitochondria Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell/Plasma Membrane
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Golgi Bodies (9) Stacks of membrane-bound vesicles Responsible for packaging molecules Transport cell for elsewhere in cell and out of the
Mitochondria Centrosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell/Plasma Membrane
Centrosomes (5) Makes microtubules Divide during cell division and form the spindle necessary for cell division
Mitochondria Centrosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell/Plasma Membrane
Other organelles: Lysosomes Contains enzymes that break down material White blood cells use it to kill and digest bacteria May also serve to kill itself if the cell becomes damaged
Other organelles: Vacuoles Very small in animal cells Rather large in plant cells Store nutrients Increase cell size during growth Plant cells can also use it to store water to increase rigidity
Other Organelles: Chloroplasts NOT found in animal cells Where photosynthesis takes place Contain chlorophyll Make plants green
Other Organelles: Cell Wall Made of cellulose Cellulose can’t be digested by humans Helps maintain plants rigid
Cytoplasm (6) Thick, gel-like substance that fills the cell Surrounds all the organelles
Mitochondria Centrosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell/Plasma Membrane
Biology is Cool!!!!
Who am I? I make energy for the cell. I appear to have “studs” because there are ribosomes attached to my outer membrane I break down materials and white blood cells use me to kill and digest bacteria. I contain chlorophyll and am green. I store nutrients, water, and sometimes even waste products for cells. (Although not all at the same time)
BONUS What is a phospholipid and where can you find it? Where does cellular respiration take place? What are the reactants (what goes in) in cellular respiration? What are the products of cellular respiration?
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