Cell Biology and Cancer Analyze cell biology and
Cell Biology and Cancer Analyze cell biology and cancer. Biomed Objective: Summarize cancer types, incidence, predisposition, and factors risk
Cancer Facts § Group of 100 diseases that develop across time
Characterized by uncontrolled cell division
Cancer Facts § Can develop in virtually any of the body’s tissues § Hereditary and environmental factors contribute to cancer development § Second leading cause of death in U. S. § Men have one in two lifetime risk, women have one in three
Tumors Abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division.
Types of Tumors (mass of cells) § Benign Tumors § Not cancerous § Slow growing § Do not spread from their site of origin, but can crowd out surrounding cells (brain tumor, warts) §
Brain Tumors § Malignant: § Cancerous § Can be fast or slow growing § Can invade to nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body
Benign versus Malignant
Types of Tumors § Metastatic § Cancer tumor that spreads from one part of the body to another part § Forms secondary tumors § Cell are like those in the original (primary) tumor
Types of Tumors Cancers may be categorized based on the functions/locations of the cells from which they originate.
Types of Tumors § Each cancer type has its own growth rate, prognosis, and treatability
Laryngeal, Kidney, Lung, Liver Cancer
Incidence of Getting Cancer § Cancer incidence increases with age § Cancer in children is extremely rare
Inherited Predisposition to Cancer § Can inherit a cancersusceptible mutation § Example: breast cancer § Cancer can occur in any of the body’s cells
Risk Factors for Cancer § 1. Exposure to Carcinogens § Means “cancer causing” agnets § Affect’s cell DNA § Often decades between exposure and cancer developing § Oral tobacco products § § § Ultraviolet radiation Exposure to sunlamps or sunbeds Alcoholic beverages Wood dust Mineral oils Coal tar Asbestos
Risk Factors for Cancer § 2. Cigarette Smoking (Life Style) § Is the cause of 30% of all cancers § 60 of the chemicals in tar are known carcinogens including cyanide
Risk Factors For Cancer § 3. Exposure to Sun § Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the number one cause of skin cancer § UV light from tanning beds is just as harmful
Risk Factor for Cancer 4. Females – Family history of breast cancer (Pre-existing)
Risk Factors For Cancer § 5. Fair Skin § There are six skin phototypes, going from light to dark § Individuals with skin types I and II face the highest risk of developing skin cancer § Have less melanin which protects your skin
Risk Factors For Cancer 6. Chemicals, radiation, and viruses (Environmental)
Risk Factors For Cancer § Radiation § Creates an error in the DNA blueprint that contributes to eventual loss of control of cell division § Cell begins dividing uncontrollably § Could take years
Risk Factors For Cancer § All human DNA has portions with what are called § § § ONCOGENES. They are naturally occuring genes tell the cell to just keep reproducing. There is also a control gene that keeps the oncogenes off. Viruses insert themselves into the DNA, find the oncogene, and turn it on; then they find the control g e n e , a n d t u rn i t o f f. The result is a cell that says Carpe Diem!!!! and begins to replicate without thought for any other metabolic process. That's cancer.
Viruses
Risk Factors For Cancer § Chemicals § Changes the cell’s DNA § Mutated cells divide, replicate, and causes cancer
Chance of surviving cancer § Increases with early detection and treatment § Incidence rate - Number of new cases per year per 100, 000 persons § Mortality rate -Number of deaths per 100, 000 per- sons per year § Survival rate -Proportion of patients alive at some point after their diagnosis of a disease.
The Warning Signs of Cancer § 1. A sore that does not heal § 3. A change in a wart or mole § 2. Unusual bleeding § 4. A lump or thickening in any tissue
The Warning Signs of Cancer § 5. Persistent hoarseness or cough § 7. A change in bowel or bladder function § 6. Chronic indigestion
The End
- Slides: 30
